Although cliques are often referenced in sporting circles, they have received little attention in the group dynamics literature. This is surprising given their potential influence on group-related processes that could ultimately influence team functioning (e.g., . The present study examined competitive athletes' perceptions of cliques using semistructured interviews with 18 (nine female, nine male) intercollegiate athletes (Mage = 20.9, SD = 1.6) from nine sport teams. Athletes described the formation of cliques as an inevitable and variable process that was influenced by a number of antecedents (e.g., age/tenure, proximity, similarity) and ultimately shaped individual and group outcomes such as isolation, performance, and sport adherence. Further, athletes described positive consequences that emerged when existing cliques exhibited more inclusive behaviors and advanced some areas of focus for the management of cliques within sport teams. Results are discussed from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

In keeping with the national emphasis on patient safety, and in keeping with the concept that quality healthcare is not episodic but spans the entire continuum of care, with the patient's home being the "preferred site of care," the Home Operations Utilizing Safety Education Program was developed. This program uses patient assessment, education, and other interventions that adjust the home environment to complement the patient's needs. The assessment and education serve as a link between in-patient, ambulatory care, and the patient's home in a cost-effective and efficient manner for reducing preventable injuries in a predominantly rural setting. The unique aspects of this program include patient follow-up in the home after initial face-to-face interviews/assessments and interventions via a hand-held camera phone. This program was developed as part of our plan to further enhance safety as a cultural norm within our Medical Center.