Developing Entrepreneurial Intensity among Women Entrepreneurs of Jammu & Kashmir: Model Building through Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Abstract

In developing nations like India, entrepreneurship can be a solution of many economy-related problems; to achieve this, high level of entrepreneurial intensity (EI) is to be ensured. EI measures the focus and commitment of an entrepreneur towards his/her venture. It can influence performance of firms, provide sustainable advantage to individuals, societies etc. The state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is facing issues like low GDP and high unemployment. High level of EI, especially among women, can provide solution to many of its problems. So, the present endeavour assesses the level of intensity among the women entrepreneurs and then suggests some measures to enhance the same. The results of the study show that innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy, which are taken as the basic postulates of EI in study, show significant loading. Although women entrepreneurs tend to show pro-activeness and competitive aggressiveness strongly, it is innovativeness, risk-taking and autonomy are not good fit. This study proposes a model for training for the women entrepreneurs to improve their level of EI to accelerate the growth of entrepreneurship in the state. This will in turn enhance the overall economic growth of the state.

Strategic entrepreneurship in light of entrepreneurial and strategic orientations: A case of women entrepreneurs of Jammu and Kashmir in India

“…Also, a majority of the studies in this field have not been specific to male/female entrepreneurs (Ireland et al, 2003). Also, the researchers have showcased some aspects on women entrepreneurship in J&K (Anjum, 2011; Dar & Mir, 2013; Khurshid, 2018; Rasdi et al, 2020; Shah et al, 2019; Shah & Mustafa, 2014; Sharma, 2012; Siddiqui & Jan, 2017; Singh et al, 2017; Suri, 2013). But, these studies mostly focus on the problems that women entrepreneurs face in their entrepreneurial career, the ways to overcome them and various organizations helping them in their venture development and maintenance.…”

Advancing Entrepreneurial Leadership as a Practice in MSME Management and Development

“…In other scholarly works, this view was extended to emphasize both entrepreneurial and leadership skills as pivotal in the development of small businesses (Bridge ; Fernald, Solomon, and Tarabishy ; Kuratko ; Kuratko and Morris ; Siddiqui and Jan ). Furthermore, entrepreneurship was fully described in the Education and Entrepreneurship Plan for Northern Ireland in 2003.…”

“…This holistic view of entrepreneurial leadership extends it as a concept that guides attention to those very parts of leadership that enhance entrepreneurial behaviors within an organization (Carsrud, Renko‐Dolan, and Brännback ). Consequently, increasing entrepreneurial intensity is a precursor for commercial success in dynamic markets (Siddiqui and Jan ).…”

“…This has implications for our understanding of their business methods, viability, and growth. Indeed, in the presence of such evidence and the economic development impact often associated with entrepreneurship (Acs and Storey ; Siddiqui and Jan ; Wennekers and Thurik ), it is hoped that this paper will chart a practical and effective framework for business management and development. The model the paper offers is presented as an instructive tool for use in defining entrepreneurship in MSME and for explaining complementary leadership styles their owner–managers/leaders may consider adopting in their preferred entrepreneurial contexts.…”

El papel de la educación en creación de empresas en el contexto universitario a partir de los estudios registrados en Scopus

“…En este sentido, se ha señalado que el emprendimiento desempeña un importante rol en la contribución del crecimiento económico de las regiones (Panigrahi y Joshi, 2015;Arshad, Farooq, Sultana y Farooq, 2016), y ha sido aún más trascendental para los países en desarrollo como medio para atenuar diversos problemas económicos (Siddiqui y Jan, 2017), tales como el desempleo (Panigrahi y Joshi, 2015).…”