Developing Culturally Tailored Health Belief-Based Intervention Materials to Improve Child and Parent Participation in a Cardiovascular Screening Program

Abstract

The Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities Project was developed to reduce children's future cardiovascular risk by implementing a school-based screening program statewide. Despite the elimination of environmental barriers related to screening cost and accessibility, only half of eligible children participate in the program each year. The authors used the theory of planned behavior to identify health beliefs associated with screening participation. This article describes the process used to identify community health beliefs and the development of theoretically based materials to increase participation. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted to identify core health beliefs held by parents, community leaders, and children (Phase I). Data obtained were used to expand and revise a Health Beliefs Questionnaire, which was distributed to larger samples (Phase II). This information was used to design recruitment materials that emphasized the benefits of screening while directly addressing potential belief-based barriers to screening participation (Phase III).

Children and young people’s participation in developing interventions in health and well-being: a scoping review

“…However, both of these foci were supporting interventions concerning health and well-being. The main areas in 30 articles were supportive lifestyle interventions and concerned: a healthy diet and obesity [ 27 , 36 , 39 , 41 , 47 , 54 , 56 , 60 ], physical activity [ 26 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 45 , 48 , 54 ], substance abuse such as, alcohol, tobacco and drug use [ 29 , 34 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 51 , 61 , 62 , 65 ], sexual and reproductive health [ 29 , 31 , 42 , 43 , 50 , 64 ], violence [ 29 , 37 ], stress [ 33 ], social skills [ 63 ], health beliefs [ 30 ] and mental health promotion [ 35 ]. In addition to lifestyle issues, eleven of the articles considered issues that supported children and young people with their illness or disease.…”

“…Most of the studies included in the scoping review have used interviews as a data collection method to give a voice to the participants. Focus group interviews was the most common data collection method [ 26 , 27 , 29 – 34 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 47 – 56 , 59 – 64 ] while other studies have used individual interviews [ 25 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 42 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 57 , 58 , 64 ] with children and young people. However, seven of the studies reported including both interviews and surveys to involve the children and young people’s views in the development of the intervention [ 27 , 30 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 65 ].…”

“…Focus group interviews was the most common data collection method [ 26 , 27 , 29 – 34 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 47 – 56 , 59 – 64 ] while other studies have used individual interviews [ 25 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 42 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 57 , 58 , 64 ] with children and young people. However, seven of the studies reported including both interviews and surveys to involve the children and young people’s views in the development of the intervention [ 27 , 30 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 65 ]. As a supplement to these more traditional data collection methods there were also research designs that included a range of innovative methods, such as video recordings [ 40 , 49 , 57 ] photographs [ 38 , 40 , 54 ] drawings and texts [ 46 , 58 , 59 ] advisory boards [ 33 ], e-mail and a social networking site [ 55 ], observations [ 57 , 64 ], script-making [ 40 , 43 ], storyboarding [ 63 ], active and spontaneous role play [ 43 ], and videoconferences and in-person meetings [ 35 ].…”

“… Part I: 42 Part II: 40 Part III: 40 18–25 21 yes yes 21 yes yes Youths An Mobile-Phone delivered Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) intervention for young people during drinking events Part I: Workshops Part II: Testing the intervention Part II: Survey and in-depth interviews Level 3 The participants were informants Young et al, 2006 [ 45 ] USA School To describe how formative research was used to design the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) intervention Part I: 130 Part II: 87 Part III: 77 Phase IV: 100 N/S 130 87 0 100 0 0 77 0 Schoolchildren in 6–8 grade An intervention to reduce decline of physical activity: Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) intervention Part I: Survey Part II: Focus group interviews Part III: Focus group interviews Part IV: Focus group interviews Level 3 The participants were informants Arvidsson et al 2016 [ 46 ] Sweden Healthcare To redesign Sisom for use on mobile devices and to validate and adapt it for use in a Swedish population of children with cancer 10 6–11 4 6 Healthy children and children with cancer An interactive computer-based assessment and communication tool to give children with cancer a “voice” in their care (SISOM 2) Part I: Observations and Think aloud Part II: Individual interviews Part III: Drawing and writing Level 4 The participants were informants, designers and evaluators of the intervention. Cottrell et al, 2010 [ 30 ] USA Community To describes the process used to identify community health beliefs and the development of theoretically based materials to increase participation Part I: 92 Part II: 240 Part III: 5 mean 11 mean 10 mean 11 N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S Schoolchildren in fourth and fifth grade The Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) to reduce children’s future cardio-vascular risk by implementing a school-based screening programme Part I: Individual and focus group interviews to expand and revise a He...…”

A pilot study on the effects of individually tailored education for MMR vaccine-hesitant parents on MMR vaccination intention

“…An extensive body of research has demonstrated that message tailoring (i.e., providing messages that address each individual's specific concerns, beliefs and experiences) is an effective method for increasing compliance with preventive health behaviors, but to our knowledge has never been applied to parental MMR vaccine hesitancy [17][18][19][20] (though some studies suggest a potential role for message framing and/or decision aids in positively influencing parental MMR vaccine decisions, 21,22 and formative studies suggest a benefit to offering different types of educational materials depending on the degree of parental vaccine hesitancy). 23,24 We tested whether an individually-tailored web-based intervention was more effective than a similar-appearing untailored intervention at improving parental MMR vaccination intention among MMR vaccine-hesitant parents.…”