Developing an Extension to an Existing Tactile Authentication Mechanism to Support Non-Visual Interaction

Kuber, Ravi; Sharma, Surabhi

doi:10.2316/p.2012.772-009

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…We will briefly highlight multimodal authentication schemes that were designed for those with functional impairments for whom mainstream authentication systems can be challenging (Dosono et al , 2015). Kuber and Sharma (2012) described a tactile-based scheme in which users selected cues by using a mouse. The haptic feedback presented patterns in a timed sequence by raising and lowering pins on the mouse’s surface.…”

Section: Human-centered Authentication Design Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-centered authentication guidelines

Still

Cain

Schuster

2017

ICS

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Much valuable and sensitive data (e.g., health, intellectual property, and banking information) is accessible digitally. For example, we no longer have to go to a physical bank to transfer money or to cash a check. We simply download an application or go to a website. However, this level of convenience comes at a cost. Hackers from around the world are now able to access our accounts remotely. Therefore, it is essential that systems housing valuable data be able to correctly verify users' identities. The authentication process attempts to validate a user's identity. Usually, this is achieved by asking for a username and a password known only to one user. Thus, attackers work to reveal passwords through a variety of methods, including social engineering, brute force guessing, shoulder surfing, key logging, interception, and searching physical and virtual space near the target (GCHQ & CPNI, 2015). Most of the research efforts have focused on developing stronger technical defenses against these attack methods. However, users are a critical part of the security loop, so designing an authentication system that encourages appropriate behavior increases the defensive strength of the system. Users are instructed to use "strong passwords", because they are more difficult for hackers to determine. Some basic guidelines for creating strong passwords include keeping the password private and secure (do not share it or write it down), avoiding the use of common words, using longer and more complex passwords (e.g., by including numbers and symbols), using different passwords for each account, and changing passwords following suspect activity. Following these "simple" guidelines demands an increased cognitive load. According to Grawemeyer and Johnson (2011), end-users reuse, share, and write down passwords in order to overcome an effortful authentication experience. In other words, end-users are aware of many of the best practice guidelines; unfortunately, these guidelines are not usable ones. Also, some of the best practices are not necessary, if others are followed. For instance, if one takes the time to develop and remember a strong password, changing it often is not necessary. There are many usability issues associated with conventional alphanumeric authentication. Users are forced to remember a significant number of complex passwords, which are always changing. Not only are users irritated by complex and changing passwords, but their password selection also becomes less secure as they are asked to remember more of them. For example, as the number of passwords increase, users are more likely to reuse the same password or some part of an already existing password. In one study, up to 50% of passwords were reused, and some were reused up to four times by the same user (Grawemeyer & Johnson, 2011). Also, when users do comply and use a unique password, they are nearly 18 times more likely to write down the password than if they had used a more familiar password (Grawemeyer & Johnson,

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Section: Human-centered Authentication Design Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-centered authentication guidelines

Still

Cain

Schuster

2017

ICS

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“…た装置 (Kyung et al, 2007)もある．しかし，ピンディスプレイの多くは静的パターンの提示について研究している (Jansson et al, 2005;Wall et al, 2006;Tahir et al, 2008;Garcia et al, 2011)．中には，仮現運動 (apparent motion) を利用して平面内の点や線分の動きを提示する研究 (Crossan et al, 2006;Kuber and Sharma, 2012;Shimizu, 1982;Pietrzak et al, 2006) 22, 44, 66, 88, 110, 132 mm (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5 …”

Section: 点，すなわち盛り上がった複数の点を組み合わせたパターンで文字や図形を表現するものである．この凸点は触覚を介した情報伝達unclassified

Proposal of active-wheel-based finger-tactile interface and its slippage-presenting functions

Nomura

Kashino

Oike

2017

Transactions of the JSME (In Japanese)

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The objective of this study is to develop a novel finger-tactile interface employing "active wheel": the wheel is rotated around its central axis, and the central axis is swiveled around in a vertical axis with any speeds and duration times. The swivel and the rotation, respectively, result in the direction and the speed of slippage on finger-pad skin. The peripheral surface of the wheel provides the slippage, the skin-stretch, the curvature and the edge stimulus to the finger-pad skin, where the push-in quantity of the wheel peripheral surface into skin is considered to be important for the slippage perception and to be dependent on the wheel thickness. Therefore, for improving the slippage perceptual characteristics, we examined an effect owing to a wheel thickness factor, of which levels are a disc or a drum. In addition, we introduced raised-dots on the wheel peripheral surface: the raised-dot creates a sinkage. The dotted wheel rotation provides a dislocation stimulus of the sinkage, which is expected to be effective for slippage perception. Thus, in order to determine the slippage perceptual characteristics, and to select the better wheel configurations with respect to the wheel-thickness and the raised-dots, psychophysical experiments were conducted by introducing four kinds of wheels: "Dot•Drum", "Dot•Disc", "Smooth•Drum" and "Smooth•Disc" wheel. As a result, we found the followings: (1) Dot•Drum, i.e., the thick wheel with raised dots, is better than the other three wheels for the systematic errors not for the random errors in length perception, (2) Dot•Drum and Dot•Disc, i.e., the two dotted wheels are better than the other two smooth wheels for the random errors not for the systematic errors in direction perception.

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“…Such a design modification would address issues related to the use of the current user interface in certain contexts (e.g., blind or sight-impaired users homing and interacting with audio icons may be difficult). However, tradeoffs related to how fast a user may be able to tap or otherwise interact with a small form factor device and interface may pose additional difficulties (Kuber et al, 2010;Kuber et al, 2012). • Evaluating a solution under more realistic conditions of mobile usage.…”

Section: Considerations For An Audioauth Redesignmentioning

confidence: 99%

AudioAuth

Saïd

Kuber

Murphy

2015

International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction

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In this paper, the authors describe a novel design alternative to the traditional PIN-based user authentication process, through the selection of a sequence of abstract sounds. The authors conducted two studies as part of the research. The first study examines a user's ability to discriminate between sounds based on the manipulation of various sound characteristics. Results highlighted the benefits of timbre and spatial positioning as differentiators. They also found manipulations of pitch, rhythm, and spatial position further compliment a capacity for discerning between sounds. Using findings from the first study, they conducted a second study, which examined the usability of a sound-based authentication interface, AudioAuth. Finally, the authors conducted retrospective interviews with study participants to investigate the potential applicability of AudioAuth design concepts in a mobile context. The authors' insights gained from the research, including methodological lessons, offer guidance to interface designers interested in exploiting the potential of abstract sounds to support the user authentication workflows.

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Developing an Extension to an Existing Tactile Authentication Mechanism to Support Non-Visual Interaction

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Human-centered authentication guidelines

Human-centered authentication guidelines

Proposal of active-wheel-based finger-tactile interface and its slippage-presenting functions

AudioAuth

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