Developing a Virtual Reality Environment in Petrous Bone Surgery: A State-of-the-Art Review

Jackson, Alan; John, Nigel W.; Thacker, Neil A.; Ramsden, R. T.; Gillespie, Je; Gobbetti, Enrico; Zanetti, Gianluigi; Stone, R.; Linney, AD; Alusi, G. H.; Franceschini, Stefano Sellari; Schwerdtner, Armin; Emmen, Ad

doi:10.1097/00129492-200203000-00001

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Virtual simulation of surgery on soft tissues is computationally demanding, thus increasing costs. 41 The 2004 Human Tissues Act has removed the objection to the use of cadavers for surgical techniques; thus, with appropriate guidance, soft-fix temporal bone laboratories which take into account health and safety issues (regarding infection) may represent the future. Until a US-style donor register is set up in the UK, the scarcity of temporal bones will remain a key issue in the use of cadaveric dissection for teaching ENT trainees.…”

Section: Stage 3 (Autonomous Stage)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of temporal bone dissection teaching: how it was, is and will be

2009

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Objective: We aimed to review the history of anatomical dissection, and to examine how modern educational techniques will change the way temporal bone dissection is taught to otolaryngology trainees.Method: Review of the literature using Medline, Embase and PubMed database searches. Results: Temporal bone anatomy has traditionally been taught using cadaveric specimens. However, resources such as three-dimensional reconstructed models and 'virtual reality' temporal bone simulators have a place in educating the otolaryngology trainee.Conclusion: We should encourage the use of fresh frozen cadaveric temporal bone specimens for future otologists. Artificial three-dimensional models and virtual reality temporal bone simulators can be used to educate junior trainees, thus conserving the scarce resource of cadaveric bones.

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Section: Stage 3 (Autonomous Stage)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of temporal bone dissection teaching: how it was, is and will be

2009

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“…These benefits have led to the development of numerous haptic surgical trainers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The validity of haptic trainers has been studied, particularly with reference to surgical performance and construct validity [13,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Haptic Simulation For Surgical Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cadaveric Temporal Bone Lab remains the gold standard; however access to sufficient exposure is site specific owing to local factors and expense [1]. An array of haptic simulators [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] are now available to complement this training and the field of additive manufacturing is beginning to provide effective models for dissection [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wong

Unger

Kraut

et al. 2014

J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg

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Background: Virtual surgery may improve learning and provides an opportunity for pre-operative surgical rehearsal. We describe a novel haptic temporal bone simulator specifically developed for multicore processing and improved visual realism. A position locking algorithm for enhanced drill-bone interaction and haptic fidelity is further employed. The simulation construct is evaluated against cadaveric education. Methods: A voxel-based simulator was designed for multicore architecture employing Marching Cubes and Laplacian smoothing to perform real-time haptic and graphic rendering of virtual bone. Ten Otolaryngology trainees dissected a cadaveric temporal bone (CTB) followed by a virtual isomorphic haptic model (VM) based on derivative microCT data. Participants rated 1) physical characteristics, 2) specific anatomic constructs, 3) usefulness in skill development and 4) perceived educational value. The survey instrument employed a Likert scale (1-7). Results: Residents were equivocal about the physical properties of the VM, as cortical (3.2 ± 2.0) and trabecular (2.8 ± 1.6) bone drilling character was appraised as dissimilar to CTB. Overall similarity to cadaveric training was moderate (3.5 ± 1.8). Residents generally felt the VM was beneficial in skill development, rating it highest for translabyrinthine skull-base approaches (5.2 ± 1.3). The VM was considered an effective (5.4 ± 1.5) and accurate (5.7 ± 1.4) training tool which should be integrated into resident education (5.5 ± 1.4). The VM was thought to improve performance (5.3 ± 1.8) and confidence (5.3 ± 1.9) and was highly rated for anatomic learning (6.1 ± 1.9). Conclusion: Study participants found the VM to be a beneficial and effective platform for learning temporal bone anatomy and surgical techniques. They identify some concern with limited physical realism likely owing to the haptic device interface. This study is the first to compare isomorphic simulation in education. This significantly removes possible confounding features as the haptic simulation was based on derivative imaging.

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“…Dental students have limited opportunity to perform dental surgery procedures (Buchanan, 2001). The virtual environment of the Voxel-Man simulator, that was first introduced in virtual surgery of the middle ear (Leuwer et al, 2001;Jackson et al, 2002), has been adapted to the field of dental surgery and was found to be very realistic by several experts (Heiland et al, 2004). To assess application of the simulator to dentistry, virtual apicectomies were chosen as the pilot-test model because this procedure is performed frequently in routine dental therapy (Gaggl et al, 2007;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2010) and it is suitable for simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%