Developing a methodology to collect empirical data that informs policy and practices for stockpiling personal protective equipment

Greenawald, Lee A.; Moore, Susan; Wizner, Kerri; Yorio, Patrick L.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.010

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To bring the virtual lab to life, a C# script needs to be hung in the process to highlight the visual human-machine interaction and the interaction between elements. This virtual laboratory selected 10 classic module components, mainly including: lantern control circuit, traffic light working state control circuit, light control logic circuit, serial number generator, two-way shift register, Ding-dong doorbell control circuit, faucet control circuit, water pump control circuit, modulo 11 addition calculator, and light control switch control circuit [14]. The specific 3D virtual laboratory frame design is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Virtual Simulation System Of Vr and Sensing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Virtual Simulation Animation Experience Hall Based on VR and Sensing Technology

Luo

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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In order to meet the needs of the design and feasibility of the virtual simulation animation experience hall, the author proposes a research based on VR and sensing technology. The main content of this research is the research of virtual simulation system based on VR and sensing technology, through the analysis of temperature sensing technology, using optical sensing technology and other methods, and finally constructing research methods based on VR and sensing technology through experiments and analysis. Experimental results show that when the light intensity is 0.5 mW, the voltage reaches 3.0 V, and the electrical quantity voltage increases with the increase of the nonelectrical quantity light intensity, which meets the design requirements of the sensor and is feasible for the design and implementation of the virtual simulation animation experience hall. Conclusion. The research based on VR and sensing technology can meet the needs of the design and implementation of the virtual simulation animation experience hall.

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Section: Virtual Simulation System Of Vr and Sensing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Virtual Simulation Animation Experience Hall Based on VR and Sensing Technology

Luo

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Additionally, the maintenance of stockpiles and composition of the “right” products can be a challenging task for decision-makers in health systems [ 71 – 73 ]. Expired products need to be removed and the stockpile needs to be updated when necessary [ 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributing to health system resilience during pandemics via purchasing and supply strategies: an exploratory system dynamics approach

Götz,

Auping,

Hinrichs-Krapels

2024

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Health systems worldwide struggled to obtain sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic due to global supply chain disruptions. Our study’s aim was to create a proof-of-concept model that would simulate the effects of supply strategies under various scenarios, to ultimately help decision-makers decide on alternative supply strategies for future similar health system related crises. Methods We developed a system dynamics model that linked a disease transmission model structure (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered (SEIR)) with a model for the availability of critical supplies in hospitals; thereby connecting care demand (patients’ critical care in hospitals), with care supply (available critical equipment and supplies). To inform the model structure, we used data on critical decisions and events taking place surrounding purchase, supply, and availability of PPE and ventilators during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic within the English national health system. We used exploratory modelling and analysis to assess the effects of uncertainties on different supply strategies in the English health system under different scenarios. Strategies analysed were: (i) purchasing from the world market or (ii) through direct tender, (iii) stockpiling, (iv) domestic production, (v) supporting innovative supply strategies, or (vi) loaning ventilators from the private sector. Results We found through our exploratory analysis that a long-lasting shortage in PPE and ventilators is likely to be apparent in various scenarios. When considering the worst-case scenario, our proof-of-concept model shows that purchasing PPE and ventilators from the world market or through direct tender have the greatest influence on reducing supply shortages, compared to producing domestically or through supporting innovative supply strategies. However, these supply strategies are affected most by delays in their shipment time or set-up. Conclusion We demonstrated that using a system dynamics and exploratory modelling approach can be helpful in identifying the purchasing and supply chain strategies that contribute to the preparedness and responsiveness of health systems during crises. Our results suggest that to improve health systems’ resilience during pandemics or similar resource-constrained situations, purchasing and supply chain decision-makers can develop crisis frameworks that propose a plan of action and consequently accelerate and improve procurement processes and other governance processes during health-related crises; implement diverse supplier frameworks; and (re)consider stockpiling. This proof-of-concept model demonstrates the importance of including critical supply chain strategies as part of the preparedness and response activities to contribute to health system resilience.

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“…3 Regarding this usage pattern, critical concerns are brought about on how storage condition between the recurrent uses affect the filtration performance, but there is no standard method to test the performance in such a use scenario. 4,5 The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standard is designed to simulate the use scenario where the filters are continuously exposed to particles/aerosol up to 200 mg of aerosol mass. [6][7][8] Without prior knowledge on the effect of storage condition on the filtration performance, it needs clarifications of how such use habits affect the physical and electrical properties of filtering masks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental storage conditions influencing the filtration behavior of electret filters with repeated use

Lee

Park

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Worldwide attention has been paid to effective protection strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic. Filtering masks are generally kept for a certain period of shelf-life before being used, and frequently, they are used repeatedly with recurrent storages. This study investigates the effect of storage temperature and humidity on the structural characteristics and charges of an electret filter, associating with the filtration performance in terms of efficiency and pressure drop based on a practical use-storage scenario. For the repeated use conditions with recurrent storage, humid storage conditions significantly deteriorated the filtration efficiency as hygroscopic particles quickly wetted the surface and masked the surface charges. The high temperature rapidly deteriorated the filter charges and caused a lowered electrostatic filtration efficiency. In a heated condition, the web became fluffier, yet it did not directly affect the pressure drop or mechanical filtration efficiency. The approach of this study is progressive in that rigorous analysis was performed on examining the particle morphology and internal structure of filter media with varied storage conditions to link with the filtration performance and the effective lifetime. This study intends to provide a scientific reference guiding a desirable storage condition and replacement cycle of filtering masks considering the actual use habits and storage environment.

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Developing a methodology to collect empirical data that informs policy and practices for stockpiling personal protective equipment

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Design and Implementation of Virtual Simulation Animation Experience Hall Based on VR and Sensing Technology

Design and Implementation of Virtual Simulation Animation Experience Hall Based on VR and Sensing Technology

Contributing to health system resilience during pandemics via purchasing and supply strategies: an exploratory system dynamics approach

Environmental storage conditions influencing the filtration behavior of electret filters with repeated use

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