“…GD might have severe consequences for the individual and his surroundings. The individual burden of the disorder is manifested in elevated psychological distress (Braun, Ludwig, Kraus, Kroher, & Bühringer, 2013), comorbid mental disorders (Lorains, Cowlishaw, & Thomas, 2011; Sleczka, Kraus, Braun, & Bühringer, 2013), low self-esteem (Bergh & Kühlhorn, 1994), impaired relations with family and friends (Dickson-Swift, James, & Kippen, 2005; Grant Kalischuk, Nowatzki, & Cardwell, 2006), as well as highest debts among all patients in addiction care (Künzel, Brand, & Braun, 2015; Pfeiffer-Gerschel, Kipke, & Steppan, 2011). Consequently, GD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is a public health issue of significance and, as such, is the focus of various preventive and therapeutic measures (Williams, West, & Simpson, 2012).…”