Detrimental Effects of Blood Meal and Feather Meal on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Seed Germination

Dı́az-Pérez, Juan Carlos; Jenkins, Wesley Keith; Pitchay, Dharmalingam S.; Gunawan, Gunawati

doi:10.21273/hortsci11192-16

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In manure‐based composts, liquid fertilizers, and most granular and pelleted fertilizers, at least 10% of the total N was NH 4 –N and would be susceptible to volatilization if not incorporated (Derikx et al., 1994; Hadas et al., 1983). Concentrated bands of fast‐releasing materials such as the guano or slaughter products should be applied at a safe distance from the seedling because fast mineralization rates are associated with high NH 3 concentrations, which may inhibit germination or injure seedlings of sensitive species (Diaz‐Perez, Jenkins, Pitchay, & Gunawan, 2017). The low concentrations applied through fertigation, typically 10–20 kg N ha −1 in an application, are less likely to be a risk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments is variable but predictable

Lazicki

Geisseler

Lloyd³

2020

J of Env Quality

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To manage nitrogen (N) efficiently, organic growers must be able to predict the amount and timing of plant‐available N from organic amendments. In this study, we measured N mineralization from a variety of organic amendments, including composted animal manures and plant material, pelleted and granular organic fertilizer formulations, slaughter waste products, and hydrolyzed liquid fertilizers. In a laboratory incubation, we measured net N mineralization from materials mixed with either organically or conventionally managed soil at 23°C and 60% water holding capacity after 0, 7, 21, 42, and 84 d. We found that net mineral N change in the amended soils after 84 d of incubation fell into four categories: immobilization to 5% of applied N for yard trimmings composts, 15–30% for poultry manure composts, 35–55% for granular fertilizers, and 60–90% for quick release products. However, across all amendments the amount of plant‐available N after 84 d of incubation was well correlated with the carbon (C)/N ratio (R2 = 0.92). Within amendment types, the C/N ratio predicted N mineralization for yard trimmings composts (R2 = 0.91), manure composts (R2 = 0.81), and specialty fertilizer and slaughter products (R2 = 0.88) but not liquid products (R2 = 0.11). Soil management history did not consistently affect net N mineralization but may have influenced timing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments is variable but predictable

Lazicki

Geisseler

Lloyd³

2020

J of Env Quality

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“…The lower N availability in some blends may be only temporary, but the possibility for storing blends for several weeks on the part of the producer or the grower may affect the feasibility of this option. The storage of the blends at a sufficiently high water content is important when it comes to enabling the microbial decomposition of the organic fertilizers [21,40] and to avoid problems with germination due to high NH 4 -N concentrations [41]. The delayed N release should be taken into account to synchronize the N delivery by the blend with the plant's needs.…”

Section: Implications For Use Of the Growing Media Blends With Woody ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Growing Media Blends with Woody Green Composts: Optimizing the N Release with Organic Fertilizers and Interaction with Microbial Biomass

Vandecasteele¹,

Loo²,

Ommeslag³

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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The aim of the current study was to create a high quality growing medium blend that replaces 70 vol% peat with 40 vol% woody green compost and 30 vol% bark compost and organic fertilizers (i.e., blood meal and chitin), all locally sourced. A range of “woody composts”, i.e., green composts based on feedstock selection with mainly woody material from tree prunings, were produced for this purpose at green compost facilities. First, the woody composts were characterized chemically and biologically, including their microbial biomass and net N release. In comparison with regular green composts or vegetable, fruit and garden (VFG) waste composts, woody composts are more suitable for use in growing media due to their lower pH, EC and inorganic C content; however, the woody compost had a low N mineralization rate. Three types of composts supported a higher microbial biomass than wood fiber or bark compost. The additional mineral N release after 100 days for compost mixed with blood meal was tested for different VFG and green composts. A significantly higher additional net N release was measured for composts with higher initial mineral N concentrations (317 mg Nmin/L) as well as VFG composts (417 mg Nmin/L) than for green composts with a lower initial mineral N concentration (148 mg Nmin/L). In a last step, woody compost, bark compost, wood fiber, coir and peat were mixed in different ratios, resulting in six blends ranging from 100% peat-free to100% peat. Two batches of woody compost were compared, and the blends were mixed with blood meal or chitin. A strong effect of both the organic fertilizer and the blend composition on the mineral N release was observed, with a clear link between the microbial biomass and the net N release. There was a significant negative correlation between the net change in microbial biomass and the net N release (R = −0.85), which implies that a larger increase in microbial biomass during incubation with the organic fertilizer resulted in less N mineralization. The blends containing woody compost scored better for nitrification activity, as the NH4-N concentrations were lower in these than for the blends without woody compost. For the peat blends, no effect on the microbial biomass was observed after addition of organic fertilizers; mineral N did increase, however. Woody composts have the potential to be used in high vol% in growing media blends, but the blends still need further optimization when supplemented with organic fertilizers.

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“…The use of legume seeds as an organic N fertilizer can improve soil fertility, while providing appropriate plant nutrition such as P and K. It has been shown that lettuce yield can range between 20 and 60 Mg ha −1 depending on the various agricultural practices (Bavec et al., 2006). However, to avoid seedling injury and overapplication of P and K and to maximize fertilizer return, the application rate of organic fertilizers such as COM and SBM needs to be optimized (Diaz‐Perez et al., 2017; Sadeghpour et al., 2017; Small et al., 2019). Evaluating different organic fertilizers on lettuce showed that higher application rate of animal‐derived organic fertilizer like BLM to the media resulted in a high soil respiration reaching to as high as 178 μl L −1 carbon dioxide release in 24 h, which was similar to urea at the same application time and rate (Zandvakili, Barker, Hashemi, & Etemadi, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nitrogen source and rate on lettuce yield and quality

et al. 2022

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Organic fertilizers are significantly lower in N content than chemical fertilizers, yet they can offer opportunities for efficient N utilization in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production. A 2-yr split-split plot trial was conducted in the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 at South Deerfield, MA, to evaluate the effect of source and rate of N fertilizers on yield, and quality of two lettuce cultivars. Nitrogen sources including blood meal (BLM), dehulled soybean meal (DSM), dehydrated cow manure (DCM), and urea (URE) were the main plots. Nitrogen application rates of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha -1 were subplots and two lettuce cultivars with different morphological phenotypes of iceberg ('Mighty Joe') and leaf lettuce ('Bergam's Green') were sub-subplots. Quadratic model explained lettuce yield response to N fertilizer rate, regardless of cultivar and N source. Among all N sources, DCM resulted in the least total N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and the lowest fresh lettuce yield (24.0 Mg ha -1 ) compared with URE (30.1 Mg ha -1 ), DSM (30.7 Mg ha -1 ) and BLM (28.7 Mg ha -1 ).Lettuce N requirement at maximum yield was 157.7, 171.4, 112.5, and 191.7 kg ha -1 for BLM, DSM, DCM, and URE, respectively. An increase in N application rate increased total N, nitrate-N, and ammonium-N but decreased agronomic efficiency and apparent N recovery. Incidence of lettuce tipburn and head decay was cultivar specific and was not influenced by N source. We concluded that DSM could be used as an organic fertilizer source that provides N similar to that of URE for lettuce production.

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Detrimental Effects of Blood Meal and Feather Meal on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Seed Germination

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments is variable but predictable

Nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments is variable but predictable

Sustainable Growing Media Blends with Woody Green Composts: Optimizing the N Release with Organic Fertilizers and Interaction with Microbial Biomass

Influence of nitrogen source and rate on lettuce yield and quality

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