Detrimental dermal wound healing: What can we learn from the oral mucosa?

Abstract

Wounds in adults are frequently accompanied by scar formation. This scar can become fibrotic due to an imbalance between extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and ECM degradation. Oral mucosal wounds, however, heal in an accelerated fashion, displaying minimal scar formation. The exact mechanisms of scarless oral healing are yet to be revealed. This review highlights possible mechanisms involved in the difference between scar-forming dermal vs. scarless oral mucosal wound healing. Differences were found in expression of ECM components, such as procollagen I and tenascin-C. Oral wounds contained fewer immune mediators, blood vessels, and profibrotic mediators but had more bone marrow-derived cells, a higher reepithelialization rate, and faster proliferation of fibroblasts compared with dermal wounds. These results form a basis for further research that should be focused on the relations among ECM, immune cells, growth factors, and fibroblast phenotypes, as understanding scarless oral mucosal healing may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic strategies to prevent fibrotic scars.

Functional Differences In Gingival Fibroblasts Obtained from Young and Elderly Individuals

“…The repair process of oral mucosal injury is also dependent on other factors, such as inflammatory mediators (16). The presence of inflammation in tissues with high concentrations of chemokines and inflammatory mediators induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by various cells (17,18).…”

Effectivity of Lime Peel Decoction (Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle) on Osteoblast and Osteoclast Numbers in the Process of Bone Healing Post-Extraction on White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Strain

“…When blood vessels are cut off, some components such as histamine, bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandins will be released by damaged platelets [8]. Furthermore, the body will react to the wound is a healing process that is a complex and dynamic process and involves the interaction of various types of cells and molecules [3]. Injuries commonly occurring in the oral cavity are caused by surgery or trauma and wound healing can occur much faster than skin lesions with minimal scar formation [3,9].…”

“…Furthermore, the body will react to the wound is a healing process that is a complex and dynamic process and involves the interaction of various types of cells and molecules [3]. Injuries commonly occurring in the oral cavity are caused by surgery or trauma and wound healing can occur much faster than skin lesions with minimal scar formation [3,9]. Injuries to oral mucosa contain fewer immune mediators, blood vessels, and profibrotic mediators but have more bone marrow cells, higher rates of re-epithelization and faster fibroblast proliferation than skin lesions [3].…”

“…The wound healing process consists of interconnected phases one and another of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling [3]. In practice, the time required for healing is much questioned by the public as it relates to making artificial teeth after the retraction.…”

The Role of TGF Beta 1 and PDGF BB in Wound Healing of the Palate

“…This complex process is divided into a few phases; the inflammatory phase, proliferative phase and tissue remodelling phase [1]. At the point of an injury, inflammatory cells and thrombocytes from the bloodstream rushes to the site of injury.…”