Detonation Velocity and Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures

Miyake, Akira; Echigoya, Hiroshi; Kobayashi, Hidefumi; Katoh, K.; Kubota, Shiro; Wada, Yuji; Ogata, Yoichi; Ogawa, Terushige

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.566.107

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Another area of charcoal use is its application for the modification of explosives, which was discussed in studies [38][39][40][41][42] . The effect of charcoal micropowders on the properties of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) was studied in 43 .…”

Section: Use Of Charcoal (Biochar) For the Modification Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Miroshnichenko,

Zhylina,

Shmeltser

2024

ChChT

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The article analyzes the use of biochar in various industries and the national economy (as a sorbent, fuel, reducing agent in the metallurgical industry, a component of coal coke blends, biocomposites, modification of explosives, fertilizers, etc.) It is noted that the direction of use depends on the quality and characteristics of biochar (size, physical properties, chemical composition), which are determined by the nature of the raw material, its chemical composition and carbonization temperature.

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Section: Use Of Charcoal (Biochar) For the Modification Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Miroshnichenko,

Zhylina,

Shmeltser

2024

ChChT

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“…HNO 3 subsequently oxidized the fuel [14,15]. Concerning the blasting properties of the prepared ANFO-based explosives, Miyake et al tried to determine the detonation characteristic, VOD [16], and pressure peak [17] based on the steel tube tests. They studied ANFO with the addition of an activated carbon (AC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Nano-Iron Oxide Adsorption-Enhanced Microstructured Charcoal Additives on the ANFO’s Properties

Biessikirski,

Gotovac Atlagić,

Pytlik

et al. 2024

Energies

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The article presents the results of the third research stage on the potential microstructured charcoal additives in ANFO. The charcoal powder was liquid adsorption-treated with Fe in various ratios. Adding MC-Fe to ANFO changed the exothermic peak’s position from ca. 280 °C to 250 °C due to lower activation energy, which influenced the kinetics of the reaction. Bruceton’s test indicated that the MC-Fe addition to ANFO resulted in ca. 10% lower initiation energy in comparison with pure ANFO. However, the energy level did not influence the potential applicability of the additives. The fumes analysis indicated a lower concentration of CO for all tested samples; however, the concentration of NOx rose. The thermodynamic calculations confirmed the experimental results, which could be explained by the increased positive oxygen balance. Moreover, all analyses showed that the most promising blasting properties referred to the ANFO sample containing the microstructured charcoal additive of a C:Fe ratio of 4:1. Therefore, further research will be dedicated to advanced studies between the chemical composition of this specific ANFO sample and its physicochemical and blasting properties.

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“…In a series of articles, Miyake et al (e.g., [5, 6]) investigated the detonation properties of AN/activated carbon mixtures for stoichiometric composition for different physical parameters (i.e., mixing ratio and charge diameter). They found that the detonation velocity at the peak pressure was far below the theoretically predicted value and thus confirmed its non-ideal detonation behavior (i.e., detonation reaction kinetics are relatively slow, resulting in a long detonation zone, and dependency on different physical parameters).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal signature measurements for ammonium nitrate/fuel mixtures by laser heating

Nazarian

Presser

2016

Thermochimica Acta

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Measurements were carried out to obtain thermal signatures of several ammonium nitrate/fuel (ANF) mixtures, using a laser-heating technique referred to as the laser-driven thermal reactor (LDTR). The mixtures were ammonium nitrate (AN)/kerosene, AN/ethylene glycol, AN/paraffin wax, AN/petroleum jelly, AN/confectioner’s sugar, AN/cellulose (tissue paper), nitromethane/cellulose, nitrobenzene/cellulose, AN/cellulose/nitromethane, AN/cellulose/nitrobenzene. These mixtures were also compared with AN/nitromethane and AN/diesel fuel oil, obtained from an earlier investigation. Thermograms for the mixtures, as well as individual constituents, were compared to better understand how the sample thermal signature changes with mixture composition. This is the first step in development of a thermal-signature database, to be used along with other signature databases, to improve identification of energetic substances of unknown composition. The results indicated that each individual thermal signature was associated unambiguously with a particular mixture composition. The signature features of a particular mixture were shaped by the individual constituent signatures. It was also uncovered that the baseline signature was modified after an experiment due to coating of unreacted residue on the substrate surface and a change in the reactor sphere oxide layer. Thus, care was required to pre-oxidize the sphere prior to an experiment. A minimum sample mass (which was dependent on composition) was required to detect the signature characteristics. Increased laser power served to magnify signal strength while preserving the signature features. For the mixtures examined, the thermal response of each ANF mixture was found to be different, which was based on the mixture composition and the thermal behavior of each mixture constituent.

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Detonation Velocity and Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Influence of the Nano-Iron Oxide Adsorption-Enhanced Microstructured Charcoal Additives on the ANFO’s Properties

Thermal signature measurements for ammonium nitrate/fuel mixtures by laser heating

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