Detonation failure characterization of non-ideal explosives

Janesheski, Robert S; Groven, Lori J.; Son, Steven F.

doi:10.1063/1.3686347

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rate sticks consisting of 6-inch (152.4 mm) clear cellulose tubes of nominal internal diameter 1 = 2 " (12.7 mm), outside diameter of 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), and wall thickness of 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) were used for detonation testing. The explosive booster, designed to overdrive the test material, consisted of three pressed 95 % RDX, 5 % red gum resin pellets of density 1.63 g/cm 3 . The output of the booster pellets, determined previously, provided 22.38 GPa [13] of pressure, enough to push the test material over its anticipated Chapman-Jouguet (CÀ J) pressure.…”

Section: Rate Stick (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Son et al. performed lab‐scale detonations monitoring the shock wave by microwave interferometry but limited the scope to ammonium nitrate‐based mixtures [1–3]. To address these issues, we attempted to detonate

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” diameter cylinders (rate sticks) to evaluate a number of fuel‐oxidizer mixtures as well as organics previously targeted as hazardous [7, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing A Novel Small‐Scale Test to Predict Large‐Scale Explosivity

Hunter

Smith

Oxley

2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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There is a need for small-scale (gram) tests that accurately predicts large-scale (kilogram) detonation performance of energetic materials. Many attempts have been made to create such tests, but they are either too narrow in scope [1][2][3] or fail to demonstrate correlation with largescale behavior [4][5][6][7][8][9]. When creating regulations relative to safety and transportation, accurate small-scale tests are crucial to organizations such as the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. Herein is reported small-scale (15 g) detonation tests which can be reasonably correlated to large-scale results. The protocol utilizes a 1 = 2 " diameter rate stick, booster to overdrive the sample, seeding with RDX, and evaluation of the run distance to failure using optical techniques. By these means we hope to develop reliable safety information prior to scaleup of production.

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Section: Rate Stick (mentioning

confidence: 99%

{{ 1/2 }}

” diameter cylinders (rate sticks) to evaluate a number of fuel‐oxidizer mixtures as well as organics previously targeted as hazardous [7, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing A Novel Small‐Scale Test to Predict Large‐Scale Explosivity

Hunter

Smith

Oxley

2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The dielectric properties of high explosives are a key indicator in several applications such as understanding microwave heating and ignition [1] or explosive detection for safety purposes [2,3] in the various frequency bands, including [60-90] GHz. Another application is the characterization of detonation properties [4] where the parameter of interest is the detonation velocity. Several techniques exist for measuring this key indicator, such as, electronic pins [5], Fiber Bragg Grating systems [6] or Radio-InterFerometry (RIF) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of High Explosives in the W Band to Investigate Shock and Detonation Phenomena

Rougier

Lefrançois

Chuzeville

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Radio interferometry techniques are often used to investigate shock and detonation phenomena thanks to the radio‐transparency of high explosives in the gigahertz frequency band. These techniques require the knowledge of the permittivity of studied explosives. Although the permittivity has been thoroughly studied for many materials, very few data are available at high frequencies (>75 GHz) for high explosives. In this paper, we report static measurement data of the permittivity for various reactive materials using the standard line transmission method between 75 GHz and 110 GHz (W frequency Band), and we present dynamic measurement results at 94 GHz obtained from the so‐called detonation wavefront tracking method. It is shown that the measurement results provided by these two methods are in good agreement. As a consequence, this work validates the detonation wavefront tracking method for the dynamic measurement of high explosives permittivity, and shows that the static experimental results are relevant for shock wave propagation analysis from millimeter‐wave measurement techniques.

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“…The main limitation of these techniques is that they don't provide any readout of the inside. Switching to microwaves and using a radio-interferometer, the shock-wave and the detonation process can be analyzed inside a HE [2][3] and typically the field of view into the HE is up to a few tens of centimeters. However, the system's adjustment before an experiment is sensitive and the materials' permittivities need to be known at the frequency of the radio-interferometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of detonation velocity measurements using a chirped fiber Bragg grating

et al. 2015

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Dynamic measurements of detonation velocity profiles are performed using long Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings (CFBGs). Such thin probes, with a diameter of typically 150 µm, are inserted directly into a high explosive sample or simply positioned laterally. During the detonation, the width of the reflected optical spectrum is continuously reduced by the propagation of the wave-front, which physically shortens the CFBG. The reflected optical intensity delivers a ramp down signal type, which is directly related to the detonation velocity profile. Experimental detonation velocity measurements were performed on the side of three different high explosives (TNT, B2238 and V401) in a bare cylindrical stick configuration (diameter: 2 inches, height: 10 inches). The detonation velocity range covered was 6800 to 9000 m/s. The extraction of the detonation velocity profiles requires a careful calibration of the system and of the CFBG used. A calibration procedure was developed, with the support of optical simulations, to cancel out the optical spectrum distortions from the different optical components and to determine the wavelength-position transfer function of the CFBG in a reproducible way. The 40-mm long CFBGs were positioned within the second half of the three high explosive cylinders. The excellent linearity of the computed position-time diagram confirms that the detonation was established for the three high explosives. The fitted slopes of the position-time diagram give detonation velocity values which are in very good agreement with the classical measurements obtained from discrete electrical shorting pins.

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Detonation failure characterization of non-ideal explosives

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Developing A Novel Small‐Scale Test to Predict Large‐Scale Explosivity

Developing A Novel Small‐Scale Test to Predict Large‐Scale Explosivity

Static and Dynamic Permittivity Measurement of High Explosives in the W Band to Investigate Shock and Detonation Phenomena

Optimization of detonation velocity measurements using a chirped fiber Bragg grating

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