Deterministic secure quantum communication without unitary operation based on high-dimensional entanglement swapping

Abstract

By analysis of the basic properties of entanglement swapping of high-dimensional Bell states, a universal and general deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) protocol is proposed, in which unitary operation is not required. By making use of the results of high-dimensional Bell measurement, the sender and the receiver can encode and decode the message respectively by performing the modular addition and subtraction. Two mutually complementary bases are constructed; and according to the property of mutual complement, a method for checking security of the high-dimensional quantum channel is put forward. Some common attack strategies are analyzed, and the corresponding error rates are calculated. Then the upper bound of the threshold of error rate is deduced. Keywords deterministic secure quantum communication, high-dimensional Bell state, entanglement swapping, high-dimensional Bell measurement Citation Liu Z H, Chen H W, Liu W J, et al. Deterministic secure quantum communication without unitary operation based on high-dimensional entanglement swapping.

Quantum private comparison based on quantum dense coding

“…Compared with the QPC based on the quantum operation discrimination [43] or the combination of decoherence-free states and error-correcting code [45], our schemes are based on the entanglement swapping of Bell states. Different from previous quantum trust center [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] or quantum semi-honest center [43][44][45][46][47], our schemes take use of the classical semi-honest center, which is more flexible in implementation. These schemes can be used to justify their disagreements by the semi-honest center.…”

“…The first important application is the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol [5][6][7][8] with unconditional security. This great scheme has initiated various kinds of cryptographic protocols such as secure transmission of quantum state [9][10][11][12], quantum secret sharing [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], quantum direction communication [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], and quantum steganography protocols [27][28][29]; these schemes have been explored for various security systems.…”

Optical quantum router with cross-phase modulation

“…With the development of current technology, quantum information science is maturing little by little. In quantum communications in particular, quantum cryptography has become commercially available [2][3][4][5][6][7]. How to build up a quantum network is a more challenging and important task for the development of quantum communications [8].…”

Two Quantum Direct Communication Protocols Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

“…Using single photons, Beige et al [30] proposed a DSQC protocol in 2002. After that, several DSQC protocols were proposed by utilizing quantum teleportation [31,32], entanglement swapping [33][34][35] or single photon measurement [36].…”