Deterministic growth of a sodium metal anode on a pre-patterned current collector for highly rechargeable seawater batteries

Hwang, Dae Yeon; Kristanto, Imanuel; Kwak, Sang Kyu; Kang, Seok Ju

doi:10.1039/c9ta01718f

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For the NiP@Cu sample, Li + ions nucleate uniformly and follow the epitaxial film growth rather than the dendrite growth model (θ = 0, Figure c) . This demonstrates that the lithiophilicity of the current collector is enhanced, and the NiP modification layer is beneficial to induce more homogeneous lithium deposition, which is consistent with the overpotential deduction in Figure a.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Moreover, the slightly increased thickness to 20 μm (Figure 5m) suggests that fracture of dendrite may occur, further resulting in the accumulation of dead lithium. As suggested by Jung et al, 40 the growth behavior of plating Li on a target substrate can be identified from Young's equation, controlled by the relation of surface energy (γ substrate , γ crystal ), interfacial energy (γ i ), and two-phase contact angle (θ). When the Li growth follows the island-growth model (θ > 0), a highly reactive surface would be inevitably formed and exposed to the organic electrolyte, resulting in continuous side reactions which consume the limited Li inventory and finally leading to dendrite growth, dead lithium, and low CE.…”

Section: Electroless Plating Of Ni−p On a Cu Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile Electroless Plating Method to Fabricate a Nickel–Phosphorus-Modified Copper Current Collector for a Lean Lithium-Metal Anode

Cai

Zhong

Han

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The compatibility of current collectors with reactive Li is key to inducing stable Li cycling and prolonged cycle life of lean Limetal batteries. Herein, a thin and uniform layer of Ni−P complex was built on the surface of a Cu current collector (NiP@Cu) via an efficient, controllable, and cost-effective electroless plating method. The thickness, morphology, composition, and roughness of the Ni−P deposition were successfully regulated. Lithiophilicity of the current collector was greatly improved by Ni−P deposition, which effectively reduced the Li nucleation overpotential and suppressed the Li dendrite growth. In addition, NiP@Cu promoted an inorganic LiF/ Li 3 P-rich solid electrolyte interphase to facilitate interfacial charge transfer and eliminate excessive side reactions between Li and the electrolyte. As a result, the Coulombic efficiency of half-cells remained above 98.5% for more than 400 cycles at 0.5 mA/cm 2 and 98.2% for more than 250 cycles at 1 mA/cm 2 . Full cells with NiP@Cu also showed superior performance compared to those with bare Cu. This work proposes a promising surface modification method to develop a stable, dendrite-free, and cost-effective anode current collector for high-energy-density lean Li-metal batteries.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Electroless Plating Of Ni−p On a Cu Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Electroless Plating Method to Fabricate a Nickel–Phosphorus-Modified Copper Current Collector for a Lean Lithium-Metal Anode

Cai

Zhong

Han

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In principle, the formation of sodium dendrites is associated with the nucleation of sodium metal at the initial stage and the following growth after nucleation. ,, The initial nucleation sites play an important role in the subsequent sodium depositing behavior. Thus, the regulation of amount and distribution of initial nucleation sites is crucial to achieve uniform deposition of sodium metal. − …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Core–Shell C@Sb Nanoparticles as a Nucleation Layer for High-Performance Sodium Metal Anodes

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Guo³

et al. 2020

Nano Lett.

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Sodium metal anode (SMA) is one of the most favored choices for the next-generation rechargeable battery technologies owing to its low cost and natural abundance. However, the poor reversibility resulted from dendrite growth and formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase has significantly hindered the practical application of SMAs. Herein, we report that a nucleation buffer layer comprising elaborately designed core–shell C@Sb nanoparticles (NPs) enables the homogeneous electrochemical deposition of sodium metal for long-term cycling. These C@Sb NPs can increase active sites for initial sodium nucleation through Sb–Na alloy cores and keep these cores stable through carbon shells. The assembled cells with this nucleation layer can deliver continuously repeated sodium plating/stripping cycles for nearly 6000 h at a high areal capacity of 4 mA h cm–2 with an average Coulombic efficiency 99.7%. This ingenious structure design of alloy-based nucleation agent opens up a promising avenue to stabilize sodium metal with targeted properties.

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“…In addition, PAN matrix with gold (Au) (another guiding element for Na deposition [ 16 ] ) bottom coating (PAN/Au) is also introduced as substrate to verify the effect of the guided layer. [ 16b,17 ] As shown in Figure S15 (Supporting Information), PAN/Au substrates exhibit high Coulombic efficiency of 99.77%, 99.51%, and 98.76% at current density of 1, 2, and 5 mA cm −2 , respectively, in Na plating/stripping cycles, which is much better than that of bare Cu substrate in Figure 3. The symmetric cells with Na‐PAN/Au electrodes also present longer lifespan and lower voltage hysteresis than bare Na electrode (Figure S16, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Deposition with a Controlled Location and Orientation for Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries

Wang

Matios

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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electrochemical reactivity of Na. [3] Meanwhile, Na ion (1.02 Å) has much larger radius than that of Li ion (0.76 Å), which results in the sluggish kinetics for Na transport and deposition. [1b,3d,4] With similar working principles to Li metal batteries, numerous strategies on Na metal anode stabilization emulated from the Li metal anode studies have been proposed to address the above issues, such as engineering 3D scaffold substrate, [3e,5] employing artificial solid electrolyte interphase, [3b,6] and choosing suitable electrolyte additives. [7] Recently, lithiophilic metals such as Au, that can form alloy with Li, have been introduced as heterogeneous seeds to control the Li deposition and lower Li deposition barrier. [8] Moreover, Au is coated on the bottom side of scaffold to guide Li deposition with the direction away from the separator, thus avoiding the dendrite-induced short circuits. [8a,c] Inspired by these works, herein we coat sodiophilic metals on the bottom sides (closing to battery case) of a series of 3D substrates, seeking for an optimal location and orientation of Na deposition. Similar to lithiophilic metals, the sodiophilic metals should has ability to alloy with Na, such as Sn and Au. [9] Meanwhile, according to our previous works, [4,10] the nucleation barrier of Na on Sn-based substrate is low, which benefits to guide the Na deposition and thus is selected as the source of coating layer. In this study, conductive matrix (i.e., carbon cloth and cupper foam) and insulative scaffold (i.e., polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN) and filter paper) are investigated as a 3D substrate in order to suppress the dendrite growth by lowering the local current density. Surprisingly, we observed significantly different phenomena for Na compared to Li. When conductive matrix is used, unlike Li deposition on the Au bottom coated scaffold that takes place on the bottom Au guide layer and grows away from the separator, [8a,c] most of the Na deposits on the top side rather than the bottom side of the scaffold, let alone deposits along the direction away from the separator (Figure 1a). In contrast, when the substrate is insulative, Na deposits on the bottom Sn layer first and then tends to grow toward the separator (from bottom to top) instead of away from the separator (Figure 1b). This difference of the deposition behavior between Na and Li may be ascribed to the larger ion radius of Na that leads to sluggish kinetics for transport and deposition. [1b,3d] Na deposition with the direction from bottom to top in insulative substrate endows Na with being confined within the 3D

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Deterministic growth of a sodium metal anode on a pre-patterned current collector for highly rechargeable seawater batteries

Abstract: Deterministic growth of Na metal for highly rechargeable seawater batteries.

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Facile Electroless Plating Method to Fabricate a Nickel–Phosphorus-Modified Copper Current Collector for a Lean Lithium-Metal Anode

Facile Electroless Plating Method to Fabricate a Nickel–Phosphorus-Modified Copper Current Collector for a Lean Lithium-Metal Anode

Core–Shell C@Sb Nanoparticles as a Nucleation Layer for High-Performance Sodium Metal Anodes

Sodium Deposition with a Controlled Location and Orientation for Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries

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