Determining Viability of Endogonaceous Spores with a Vital Stain

An, Z.-Q.; Hendrix, James W.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1988.12025532

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The procedure of An and Hendrix (An and Hendrix, 1988) was used to determine the viable spores, developing a red color with the tetrazolium bromide vital stain MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide]. Spore suspensions were diluted 1:1 with a solution of 0.5 mg MTT ml -1 and incubated for 40 h.…”

Section: Spore Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance and land use effect on functional diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2015

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in Mexico has not been intensively studied. Although some studies have reported the presence of 29 % of the reported species in the world, the knowledge regarding their functional diversity is poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the disturbance on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) functional diversity. Three sites at the Biosphere Reserve Los Tuxtlas in the state of Veracruz were selected for this study, according to the disturbance gradient and the land use: López Mateos (LM), San Fernando (SF), and Venustiano Carranza (VC) (with low, medium and high disturbance, respectively). The land use in each site includes milpa and pasture. High percentages of root colonization, spore abundance and spore viability were found on LM soils. Additionally, 100 % of the pasture soils have a high mycorrhizal infective potential (MIP). In addition, the fungi consortiums coming from that site promote the highest mycorrhizal growth response (MGR), with increases ranging from 74.1 to 194.6 % over the control treatment. SF soils had high percentages of root colonization and spore viability, whereas only 20 % of these soils had a high MIP, and their MGR promoted increases ranged from 14.6 to 120.4 % over the control. Soils from VC had the lowest percentages of root colonization and spore viability. Only 10 % of the soils had high MIP, and their MGR was not better than the control. These results indicate that the soil disturbance or use changes negatively affect the functionality of AMF.

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Section: Spore Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance and land use effect on functional diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2015

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“…Since other organic salts were used to assess the viability of fungal spores [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and the TTC has the ability to penetrate A.niger spores based on its molecular weight [28] , either the ethanol was not effective in extracting enough TF (to cause red color) or the ethanol extracted significant amount of black color from the spore which interfered with the measurement. Analysis of variance was performed on the formazan concentration (µg/mL) using SAS System (5th Ed, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina) as shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Triphenyl Formazanyieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Conditions for Measuring Dehydrogenase Activity of Aspergillus niger using TTC

Ghaly¹,

Mahmoud²

2006

American J. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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ABSTRACT:The suitability of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) for dehydrogenase activity measurement of the vegetative cells of the fungal species Aspergillus niger was investigated. The triphenyl formazan (TF) yield increased with the increases in TTC concentration, pH, temperature and incubation time within the studied ranges. The effects of individual parameters, as well as the combined effects, on the TF yield were found to follow exponential expressions. The sensitivity analysis showed that the TF yield is more sensitive to changes in temperature followed by pH, TTC concentration and incubation time. Although the rate of increase in the enzyme activity decreased gradually with the increase in temperature, no enzyme denaturation was observer below 55 ºC. The optimum TTC-test conditions for measuring the dehydrogenase activity of A. niger vegetative cells are a TTC concentration of 15 g/L, a pH of 9, a temperature of 55 ºC and an incubation time of 4 h. Although the procedure has been successfully tested with mycelia of different stages of growth, it would be interesting to test the effects of different stages of growth on TTC reduction under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

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“…Localization of cellular dehydrogenase activity in VAM roots was determined by a 20-h incubation in 50 mM Hepes (pH 7.4) containing 2 mg MTT/ mL (An and Hendrix, 1988).…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Response of Potato to Phosphorus Deficiency

McArthur

Knowles

1993

Plant Physiol.

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Morphological and biochemical interactions between a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus (Glomus fasciculatum [Thaxt. sensu Cerdemann] Cerdemann and Trappe) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants during the development of P deficiency were characterized. Nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown for 63 d with low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM) produced 34, 52, and 73% less root, shoot, and tuber dry matter, respectively, than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM). The total leaf area and the leaf area:plant dry weight ratio of low-P plants were substantially lower than those of high-P plants. Moreover, a lower shoot:root dry weight ratio and tuber:plant dry weight ratio in low-P plants than in high-P plants characterized a major effect of P deficiency stress on dry matter partitioning. In addition to a slower rate of growth, low-P plants accumulated nonreducing sugars and nitrate. Furthermore, root respiration and leaf nitrate reductase activity were lower in low-P plants than in high-P plants. Low abiotic P supply also induced physiological changes that contributed to the greater efficiency of P acquisition by low-P plants than by high-P plants. For example, allocation of dry matter and P to root growth was less restricted by P deficiency stress than to shoot and tuber growth. Also, the specific activities of root acid phosphatases and vanadatesensitive microsomal ATPases were enhanced in P-deficient plants. The establishment of a VAM symbiosis by low-P plants was essential for efficient P acquisition, and a greater root infection leve1 for Pstressed plants indicated increased compatibility to the VAM fungus. By 63 d after planting, low-P VAM plants had recovered 42% more of the available soil P than low-P N M plants. However, the VAM fungus only partially alleviated P deficiency stress and did not completely compensate for inadequate abiotic P supply. Although the specific activities of acid phosphatases and microsomal ATPases were only marginally influenced by VAM infection, VAM roots characteristically had a higher protein concentration and, consequently, enhanced microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activities on a fresh weight basis compared with N M roots. Morphological and ultrastructural details of VAM plants are discussed i n relation to the influence of the VAM symbiosis on P nutrition of potato.Second only to N, P is the mineral nutrient for which availability is most likely limiting to plant growth. The concentration of P in the soil solution is in the micromolar range, and moreover, this element diffuses slowly in soils. Hence, depletion of P in the root zone commonly limits further

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Determining Viability of Endogonaceous Spores with a Vital Stain

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Disturbance and land use effect on functional diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Disturbance and land use effect on functional diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Optimum Conditions for Measuring Dehydrogenase Activity of Aspergillus niger using TTC

Influence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Response of Potato to Phosphorus Deficiency

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