Determining the Presence of Spalted Wood in Spanish Marquetry Woodworks of the 1500s through the 1800s

Gutierrez, Patricia T. Vega; Robinson, Seri C.

doi:10.3390/coatings7110188

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Following a modified procedure outlined in Vega Gutierrez and Robinson [ 37 ], Ted Pella, Inc. (Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA, USA) 1/2” double-coated carbon conductive tape was applied to Ted Pella, Inc. 1/2” inch slotted head aluminum specimen mounts with a 1/8” pin. The sample specimens were cut down to 10 mm × 5 mm and placed on the tape with slight pressure for adherence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils

Hinsch

Gutierrez

Court

et al. 2022

JoF

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Wood-staining fungal pigments have shown potential use as colorants for wood and textiles, with organic solvents as the pigment carrier. Natural oils have been suggested as an environmentally friendly and more available carrier; however, oils promoted color degradation. The current study examined the mechanism of said degradation and tested therapeutic and food-grade oils (instead of finishing oils) for their potential to carry draconin red, the pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum, without color loss over time. FTIR analysis from finishing oils indicated that oxidation was not likely the cause of color loss as the pigment could not be distinguished from the oils in the IR spectra. SEM was employed to determine if crystal degradation was contributing to color loss and indicated, surprisingly, that the crystals of draconin red formed rather than degraded over time. This suggested crystal breakdown was also not likely the cause of color loss. The pigment did not show degradation in hemp oil, flaxseed oil, and cold-pressed linseed oil when treated with β-carotene. Further in-depth chemical studies are needed to determine the mechanism of color loss in pigmented natural oils; however, food-grade oils appear to be a promising alternative to carry draconin red, without degradation of the color.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils

Hinsch

Gutierrez

Court

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…The questionnaire design was based on personal interviews with experienced woodturners (Vega Gutierrez and Robinson 2017). The questionnaire had a pre-testing stage, done at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University; and pilot testing performed at the Utah Woodturning Symposium in 2016, where 30 wood samples were displayed and rated by the participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, woodworkers have utilized spalted wood in art since at least the 1400s. Use of the material outside Europe is currently not known (Blanchette et al 1992;Michaelsen et al 1992;Otterstedt 2001;Robinson et al 2016;Vega Gutierrez and Robinson 2017). The early use of spalted wood was primarily for intarsia and later, marquetry, where small pieces of wood/veneer were cut into distinct shapes and glued together to create a bigger composite image (Figure 1(a-c)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the demographics of U.S. woodturners and their knowledge of spalted wood

Gutierrez

Robinson

2019

International Wood Products Journal

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Woodworkers have used spalted wood (wood decayed and coloured by fungi) for marquetry and intarsia for over 500 years. However despite the long history and ubiquitous nature of the material, the use has never been 'mainstream,' and little is known about the people who use it and how they value the material. This study examined the knowledge and perceptions of spalted wood by U.S. woodturners (the primary consumers of spalted wood), specifically those affiliated with the American Association of Woodturners, in order to build a framework for understanding the potential commercial value. The U.S.A. woodturning community consists mostly of men between the ages of 65-74 years old, with high education levels and high income (between $100,000 and $149,000). There was also a strong positive correlation between the number of years woodturning and the amount of knowledge about spalted wood.

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“…The wood pigmented by these fungi (spalted wood) is part of an ancient art form (used in intarsia and marquetry) that dates back hundreds of years in Europe. From zone-lines to green pigment, artwork that used this wood is still brilliantly pigmented, showing the long-lasting properties of the colors produced by these fungi [21][22][23][24]. Spalted wood is currently popular for woodwork where its unique aesthetics attracts customers [25] that are willing to pay premium prizes for it, classifying spalted wood as a value-added wood product [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Sampling of Spalting Fungi in the Southern Peruvian Amazon Forest

et al. 2020

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Most of the research related to Peruvian Amazon fungi is focused on edible mushrooms and pathogens. Other important fungi, such as the spalting type (decay fungi that pigment wood internally), are not broadly studied, as most of them do not produce fruiting bodies and can be difficult to locate. Spalting fungi, however, are of broad economic importance due to their ability to produce pigments that enhance wood aesthetics, resulting in an increased economic value. In order to begin understanding the diversity of spalting fungi within certain regions of the Amazon, a sampling of downed trees and branches (through the opening of the xylem to identify potential pigmenting and zone line producing fungi) was done in the district of Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru. Fungi suspected of causing internal pigment and zone lines were collected, cultured, isolated, and sequenced. The species found belonged to the orders Helotiales, Xylariales, Hypocreales, Russulales, Polyporales, Botryosphaeriales and two specimens of the class Leotiomycetes. The fungi collected produced pigments or zone lines in wild conditions and all of them were capable of wood decomposition. Interestingly, these are the same orders and genera as North American spalting fungi, which may indicate a correlation within species that pigment wood. The results obtained start a specific database of spalted fungi in the Amazon and, with it, help support an effort to increase the forest value of ecosystems primarily used for a few high-valued tree species.

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Determining the Presence of Spalted Wood in Spanish Marquetry Woodworks of the 1500s through the 1800s

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils

Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils

Understanding the demographics of U.S. woodturners and their knowledge of spalted wood

Exploratory Sampling of Spalting Fungi in the Southern Peruvian Amazon Forest

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