Determining the Morphological and Anatomical Characters of the Whole Plant of Trichodesma indicum

Hamsalakshmi, .; Logesh, Rajan; Joghee, Suresh

doi:10.9734/bpi/cops/v5/18162d

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Experimental studies have repeatedly demonstrated that flavonoids and their representative subclasses exert modulatory effects on biochemical signaling pathways associated with endogenous antioxidant systems, enhancement of mitochondrial functions, and inhibition of neuroinflammation. Recent evidence indicates that flavonoids play a role in regulating key signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, involved in neuroinflammation associated with major neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ASD [24,25]. These effects may contribute to alleviating the pro-inflammatory state of children with ASD that exhibit heightened stress reactivity and hyperarousal symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Savino

Medoro

Alì

et al. 2023

JCM

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Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental syndrome, accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are common features of ASD. Flavonoids, one of the largest and best-investigated classes of plant-derived compounds, are known to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This review used a systematic search process to assess the available evidence on the effect of flavonoids on ASD. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 17 preclinical studies and 4 clinical investigations met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Most findings from animal studies suggest that treatment with flavonoids improves oxidative stress parameters, reduces inflammatory mediators, and promotes pro-neurogenic effects. These studies also showed that flavonoids ameliorate the core symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits, repetitive behavior, learning and memory impairments, and motor coordination. However, there are no randomized placebo-controlled trials that support the clinical efficacy of flavonoids in ASD. We only found open-label studies and case reports/series, using only two flavonoids such as luteolin and quercetin. These preliminary clinical studies indicate that flavonoid administration may improve specific behavioral symptoms of ASD. Overall, this review is the first one to systematically report evidence for the putative beneficial effects of flavonoids on features of ASD. These promising preliminary results may provide the rationale for future randomized controlled trials aimed at confirming these outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Savino

Medoro

Alì

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…Several natural products can be regarded as potential sources of highly effective molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, explaining their therapeutic and preventive benefits [18,19]. Flavonoids belong to natural polyphenolic compounds exerting beneficial effects in cardiovascular and neurological disorders [20]. Among these, sophoraflavanone G (SG), a flavonoid compound, has been isolated from Sophora flavescens, which possesses several medicinal properties, including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, sophoraflavanone G (SG), a flavonoid compound, has been isolated from Sophora flavescens, which possesses several medicinal properties, including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects [21,22]. Previous reports have indicated that some natural flavonoid compounds exhibit potential neuroprotective agents to treat neurodegenerative disorders [20,23]. Although there is extensive research reports that exist to demonstrate the effects of natural flavonoid compounds in various disorders, including brain disorders, there are no studies indicating the effects and mechanisms of SG in the CNS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Sophoraflavanone G by Inhibiting TNF-α-Induced MMP-9-Mediated Events in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Lee,

Chen,

Tsai

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, has a critical role in both physiological and pathological events in the central nervous system (CNS). MMP-9 is an indicator of inflammation that triggers several CNS disorders, including neurodegeneration. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has the ability to stimulate the production of different inflammatory factors, including MMP-9, in several conditions. Numerous phytochemicals are hypothesized to mitigate inflammation, including the CNS. Among them, a flavonoid compound, sophoraflavanone G (SG), found in Sophora flavescens has been found to possess several medicinal properties, including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bMECs) were used to explore TNF-α-induced MMP-9 signaling. The effects of SG on TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression and its mechanisms were further evaluated. Our study revealed that the expression of MMP-9 in bMECs was stimulated by TNF-α through the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2 via the TNF receptor (TNFR) with a connection to the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that SG can interact with the TNFR. The upregulation of MMP-9 by TNF-α may lead to the disruption of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which can be mitigated by SG administration. These findings provide evidence that SG may possess neuroprotective properties by inhibiting the signaling pathways associated with TNFR-mediated MMP-9 expression and the subsequent disruption of tight junctions in brain microvascular endothelial cells.

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“…Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) refers to flavonoids with chalcone structures originating from Leguminosae family plants (e.g., Glycyrrhizae radix). This class of polyphenolic substances are plant secondary metabolites that have attracted scientific attention due to their different health-promoting effects, including neuroprotective activity [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory benefits of various classes of flavonoids are obtained through regulating key signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, etc.) in different cells involved in neuroinflammation [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoliquiritigenin Protects Neuronal Cells against Glutamate Excitotoxicity

et al. 2022

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It is considered that glutamate excitotoxicity may be a major factor in the pathological death of neurons and mediate the development of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Here, we show that isoliquiritigenin (ILG) at a concentration of 0.5–5 µM protects primary neuroglial cell culture from glutamate-induced death (glutamate 100 µM). ILG (1 µM) prevented a sharp increase in [Ca2+]i and a decrease in mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm). With the background action of ILG (1–5 µM), there was an increase in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in response to glutamate, as well as in reserve respiration. The neuroprotective effect of ILG (5 µM) was accompanied by an increase in non-mitochondrial respiration. The results show that ILG can protect cortical neurons from death by preventing the development of calcium deregulation and limiting mitochondrial dysfunction caused by a high dose of glutamate. We hypothesize that ILG will be useful in drug development for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by glutamate excitotoxicity.

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Determining the Morphological and Anatomical Characters of the Whole Plant of Trichodesma indicum

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Protective Effects of Sophoraflavanone G by Inhibiting TNF-α-Induced MMP-9-Mediated Events in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Isoliquiritigenin Protects Neuronal Cells against Glutamate Excitotoxicity

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