Determining the maximum signal power in 10 Gbit/s WDM optical networks

Abstract

Nowadays in optical networks there is a trend line to extend the maximum transmission distance. Several techniques are known; however, the simplest one is to increase the signal power in the optical fiber. The task of minimizing the number of inline amplifiers in order to increase the deployed system's cost effectiveness leads to increasing the signal power. The only problem is the nonlinear behavior of the optical fiber which limits the signal power to be inserted into the optical fibers. In this paper, we present a model to calculate analytically the signal quality deterioration due to nonlinear effects at the receiver point. As a result, we give the exact value of the optimal signal power at the transmitter point or at the output of the inline amplifiers for 10 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems.

Deterministic Raman crosstalk effects in amplified wavelength division multiplexing transmission

“…(4). Substituting relation (21) into the equations for η 0 (z l−1 + ∆z (1) c ) and η 1 (z l−1 + ∆z (1) c ) and going to the continuum limit we obtain…”

“…This intermittent dynamic behavior has important practical consequences, by leading to relatively high biterror-rate (BER) values at intermediate and large propagation distances [17][18][19]. Raman crosstalk effects were also recently investigated in hut-skipped amplified WDM transmission [20,21], in cable television overlay passive optical networks [22,23], in optical code-division multiple-access transmission systems [24], and in conjunction with four-wave-mixing [25].…”

Review on recent developments in hybrid optical amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system

“…56 (2) It is induced due to amplifier nonlinearities [such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), FWM, SPM, XPM, and so on] which change the parameters of the transmitting signal since it depends on the remaining optical signals propagating through the same fiber. 57,58,59 Where SRS is a nonlinear optical process in which a pump photon is absorbed and immediately re-emitted in the form of a phonon and a signal photon; FWM is the nonlinear process in which the undesired beat frequency is generated due to existing multiple frequencies; SPM is a nonlinear phenomenon in which nonlinear phase modulation is self-induced, which is undesired; and XPM occurs when two or more optical channels are transmitted simultaneously inside an optical fiber using the WDM technique. In such systems, the nonlinear phase shift for a specific channel depends not only on the power of that channel but also on the power of the other channels.…”