Determining speciation of Pb in phosphate-amended soils: Method limitations

Measuring the solid-phase fractionation of lead in urban and rural soils using a combination of geochemical survey data and chemical extractions

“…A possible explanation for component 3 comes from literature studies in which a number of research groups show that Pb derived from anthropogenic sources where significant concentrations of P also exist results in a relatively stable form in soils as chloropyromorphite (Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl) or similar pyromorphite minerals (Hettiarachchi and Pierzynski 2004;Cotter-Howells et al 1994;Scheckel et al 2005 -Howells et al 1994). This is in agreement with the composition of component 3 which clearly contains Pb, P and possibly Ca (Fig.…”

“…It could be speculated that the three ISCs have been formed recently and have trapped the anthropogenic Pb in the form of the pyromorphite mineral. Some studies suggest that Pb, in the form of a pyromorphite mineral, is relatively stable and not bioaccessible (Hettiarachchi and Pierzynski 2004;Scheckel et al 2005). Other studies, however, have shown that pyromorphite solubility is increased in the low pH environment found in the stomach compartment (Xie and Giamar 2007;Tang et al 2004) and that the presence of impurities and organic acids also increases its solubility (Debela et al 2010;Xie and Giamar, 2007).…”

Trace Element Immobilization in Soil Using Amendments

“…Various sources of P have been tested for soil remediation purposes, including synthetic and natural phosphate minerals [120][121][122][123][124][125], phosphate-based salts (Na 2 HPO 4 , MgHPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , 9Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 [17,85,123,[125][126][127], phosphoric acid [122,[127][128][129][130][131][132], industrial by-products [17,86], biogenic phosphate (bone meal, bone char and ashes) [133,134] and their combinations in both laboratory and field experiments.…”

Industrial mining heritage and the legacy of environmental pollution in the Derbyshire Derwent catchment: Quantifying contamination at a regional scale and developing integrated strategies for management of the wider historic environment

“…However, the potential for the formation of AMD in the Derwent catchment is low. This is due to two occurs as galena (Mindat, 2015), which is less stable than pyromorphite (Scheckel et al, 2005), suggesting that potentially this Pb may be chemically more mobile than that at Winster.…”