Determining real-time mass deposition with a quartz crystal microbalance in an electrostatic, parallel-flow, air-liquid interface exposure system

Kaur, Kamaljeet; Overacker, Dana; Ghandehari, Hamidreza; Reilly, Christopher A.; Paine, Robert; Kelly, Kerry E.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105653

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Usually, the dose can be determined via quartz crystal microbalance, but in this study the deposited particle masses were found to be below the detection limits. Kaur and colleagues state the detection limit of QCM to be 50 ng/cm² [ 32 ], but the doses in this study were lower. Therefore, the applied particulate dose was determined by using the measured number concentration obtained via an ELPI by calculating the mass concentration with an assumed value for the particle density and shape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Impact of Nanocomposite Combustion Aerosols on A549 Cells and a 3D Airway Model

et al. 2021

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The use of nanomaterials incorporated into plastic products is increasing steadily. By using nano-scaled filling materials, thermoplastics, such as polyethylene (PE), take advantage of the unique properties of nanomaterials (NM). The life cycle of these so-called nanocomposites (NC) usually ends with energetic recovery. However, the toxicity of these aerosols, which may consist of released NM as well as combustion-generated volatile compounds, is not fully understood. Within this study, model nanocomposites consisting of a PE matrix and nano-scaled filling material (TiO2, CuO, carbon nano tubes (CNT)) were produced and subsequently incinerated using a lab-scale model burner. The combustion-generated aerosols were characterized with regard to particle release as well as compound composition. Subsequently, A549 cells and a reconstituted 3D lung cell culture model (MucilAir™, Epithelix) were exposed for 4 h to the respective aerosols. This approach enabled the parallel application of a complete aerosol, an aerosol under conditions of enhanced particle deposition using high voltage, and a filtered aerosol resulting in the sole gaseous phase. After 20 h post-incubation, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response (IL-8), transcriptional toxicity profiling, and genotoxicity were determined. Only the exposure toward combustion aerosols originated from PE-based materials induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and transcriptional alterations in both cell models. In contrast, an inflammatory response in A549 cells was more evident after exposure toward aerosols of nano-scaled filler combustion, whereas the thermal decomposition of PE-based materials revealed an impaired IL-8 secretion. MucilAir™ tissue showed a pronounced inflammatory response after exposure to either combustion aerosols, except for nanocomposite combustion. In conclusion, this study supports the present knowledge on the release of nanomaterials after incineration of nano-enabled thermoplastics. Since in the case of PE-based combustion aerosols no major differences were evident between exposure to the complete aerosol and to the gaseous phase, adverse cellular effects could be deduced to the volatile organic compounds that are generated during incomplete combustion of NC.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Impact of Nanocomposite Combustion Aerosols on A549 Cells and a 3D Airway Model

et al. 2021

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“…28,39,40 With the ALI exposure of cells, dosimetry is typically performed using blank wells with round glass slides covering the cell growth area or full of PBS or cell media and quantified for the analytes of interest; quartz microbalances have been typically used for cigarettes. 5,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Traditionally, nicotine has been the measured analyte of choice due to its high stability, ease of measurement, and its relevance to smokers and NGP users 49,50 ; for further details, please see Table 2.…”

Section: Need To Understand the Properties Of The Equipment And To Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quartz crystal microbalance [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]51 Predictions via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 3,52 Quick continuous measurements; excellent detection limit Not suitable for all aerosols including ENDS Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration…”

Section: Mass Deposited Surface Of Exposure Well With No Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key challenges for in vitro testing of tobacco products for regulatory applications: Recommendations for dosimetry

Miller-Holt¹,

Behrsing

Crooks

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) is sponsoring a series of workshops to develop recommendations for optimal scientific and technical approaches for conducting in vitro assays to assess potential toxicity within and across tobacco and various next‐generation products (NGPs) including heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs). This publication was developed by a working group of the workshop members in conjunction with the sixth workshop in that series entitled “Dosimetry for conducting in vitro evaluations” and focuses on aerosol dosimetry for aerosol exposure to combustible cigarettes, HTP, and ENDS aerosolized tobacco products and summarizes the key challenges as well as documenting areas for future research.

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