Determining Domestic Formaldehyde Levels in Ankara, Turkey

Vaizoğlu, Songül Acar; Aycan, Sefer; Deveci, Mehmet; Acer, Tuğba; Bulut, Berk; Bayraktar, Ulas D.; Akyollu, Basak; çelik, Mustafa; Arslan, Uğur; Akpınar, Funda; Bariş, Zeren; Arslan, Seray; Deniz, Ali; Evci, E. Didem; Güler, Çağatay

doi:10.1177/142032603035546

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The formaldehyde concentrations measured in this study were in the literature range (10-400 g/m 3 , Daisey et al, 2003). The concentrations measured in this study were higher than those reported for schools in other countries (Sweden, Norback et al, 1990;Smedje et al, 1997;Hong Kong, Lee et al, 2002;Australia, Zhang et al, 2006), while they were lower than the concentrations measured in homes and offices (Vaizoglu et al, 2003;Khoder, 2006;Mentese and Gullu, 2006;Park and Ikeda, 2006), and were similar to those in libraries (Hanoune et al, 2006;Righi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Classroomsupporting

confidence: 45%

An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools

Sofuoğlu

Aslan

İnal

et al. 2011

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

188

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a b s t r a c tConcentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde, in classrooms, kindergartens, and outdoor playgrounds of three primary schools were measured in spring, winter, and fall terms inİzmir, Turkey. A health-risk assessment was conducted for odor detection, sensory irritation, chronic toxic effects, and cancer. Active sampling was applied for VOCs and formaldehyde on Tenax TA and DNPH tubes, respectively. VOCs were analyzed in a thermal desorption-GC-MS system. Formaldehyde analysis was performed using an HPLC instrument. Benzene, toluene, and formaldehyde were the most abundant compounds with 95th percentile indoor air concentrations of 29, 87, and 106 g/m 3 , respectively. Naphthalene and xylenes followed them with an order of magnitude lower concentrations. Two isomers of dichlorobenzene (1,3 and 1,4) were the other notable compounds. The concentrations were utilized to classify the indoor air pollutants with respect to potential health effects. In addition, carcinogenic and chronic toxic risks were estimated using Monte-Carlo simulation. Formaldehyde appears to be the most concerning pollutant with high chronic toxic and carcinogenic risk levels according to the health assessment followed by naphthalene, benzene, and toluene due to their chronic effects.

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Section: Classroomsupporting

confidence: 45%

An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools

Sofuoğlu

Aslan

İnal

et al. 2011

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

188

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“…En estudios internacionales la calidad de la ventilación se ha evaluado tomando en cuenta la ventilación natural (Báez et al 2003, Zhao et al 2004) y los aparatos para dicha ventilación (Vaizoglu et al 2003, Park e Ikeda 2006. En países fríos han medido la concentración de dióxido de carbono como indicador de una ventilación deficiente (Dally et al 1981), o utilizado gas traza para medir la tasa de renovación de aire/hora (Gilbert et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Resultados de la evaluación del efecto de la ventilación natural sobre la concentración de formaldehído pueden ser diferentes e incluso controversiales para una misma localidad y vivienda (Vaizoglu et al 2003). La mayoría han reportado asociación entre una mejor ventilación y una menor concentración (Zhao et al 2004, Gilbert et al 2006, Heroux et al 2010, Hullin et al 2010, Brown et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Las fuentes intramuros incluyen principalmente las emisiones del material con el que se elaboran paredes y muebles (Dally et al 1981y Gilbert et al 2006, materiales de acabado y decoración a base de madera (Zhao et al 2004), tableros de fibra de madera conglomerada (Kelly et al 1999), emisiones gaseosas del alfombrado (Weislander et al 1997y Ohura et al 2006, disolventes y pinturas (Norback et al 1995, Gilbert et al 2006, productos de limpieza y pesticidas (Wolcoff et al 1998), cosméticos y productos de higiene personal (Kelly et al 1999), humo del cigarro (Godish 1989), combustión de la madera (De Andrade et al 2002) y del gas natural (Vaizoglu et al 2003y Corrêa y Arbilla 2005.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…En viviendas de países industrializados se han reportado concentraciones medias de formaldehído entre 15.41 mg/m 3 y 75 mg/m 3 en el área de la cocina (Zhang et al 1994, Vaizoglu et al 2003, entre 12.4 mg/m 3 y 134 mg/m 3 en la sala (Lee et al 1999, Vaizoglu et al 2003, Gilbert et al 2006, Ohura et al 2006, Park e Ikeda 2006, Sax et al 2006, Marchand et al 2008, Guo et al 2009, Heroux et al 2010, Villanueva et al 2015, entre 22 mg/m 3 y 33 mg/m 3 en el cuarto o dormitorio (Weislander et al 1997, Garret et al 1999, Gonzalez-Flesca et al 1999, Lee et al 1999, Runchev et al 2002, Venn et al 2003, Marchand et al 2008, y entre 32 mg/m 3 y 130 mg/m 3 como concentración media de varias muestras dentro de una misma vivienda (Dingle y Frankling 2002, Zhao et al 2004, Gilbert et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Formaldehído en Viviendas Urbanas en Salvador, Bahía - Brasil

Pineda

Prata

Cardoso

et al. 2017

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Palabras clave: aldehídos, contaminación del aire en interiores, exposición a riesgos ambientales RESUMEN El formaldehído es un contaminante común en los espacios interiores. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la concentración de formaldehído en viviendas urbanas y la posible relación de las fuentes potenciales intramuros con dicha concentración. Se utilizó un mé-todo transversal anidado en un estudio longitudinal que investiga factores asociados con el asma y la alergia en niños escolares en Salvador. Entre febrero de 2007 y julio de 2008 se visitaron las viviendas de 1168 niños (4 -13 años) para recolectar información sobre las características de las casas. Para la determinación de formaldehído gaseoso se utilizó un procedimiento fluorimétrico con el reactivo Fluoral P. Se evaluaron los indicadores de ventilación, fuentes de formaldehído y exposición al humo del cigarro según los niveles de formaldehído a través de una regresión logística, en la que se calculó la razón de productos cruzados (RPC) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 %. La concentración de formaldehído en general fue baja (media 0.80 µg/m 3 ). Un mayor número de fuentes potencialmente emisoras de ese compuesto (RPC 1.30; 95 % IC 1.03-1.65), así como las mejores condiciones de ventilación (RPC 1.35; 95 % IC 1.07-1.70), estuvieron asociadas con una mayor concentración de formaldehído. Mientras que en las viviendas donde habitaban fumadores, la concentración de formaldehído fue menor (RPC 0.69; 95 % IC 0.52-0.90). El nivel de concentración del formaldehído en las viviendas estudiadas en Salvador fue inferior a los niveles máximos aceptables nacional e internacionalmente para ambientes interiores. Las características de las viviendas influyeron en la concentración de dicho compuesto. El método de muestreo ambiental utilizado permitió la determinación del formaldehído con suficiente confiabilidad.Key words: aldehydes, indoor air contamination, exposure to environmental risks Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie. 33 (2) 183-197, 2017 DOI: 10.20937/RICA.2017 N.I. Soza Pineda et al. 184 ABSTRACTFormaldehyde is a common contaminant in indoor environments. The objective of the present study was to identify formaldehyde concentrations in urban households and to investigate a possible association between the formaldehyde concentration and potential indoor sources. This is a cross-sectional study nested within SCAALA, a large longitudinal study conducted to investigate factors associated with asthma and allergy in schoolchildren in Salvador. The homes of 1168 children from 4 to 13 years old were visited between February 2007 and July 2008 to collect data on the household characteristics. Fluorometric determination of gaseous formaldehyde was conducted using the Fluoral-P reagent. Logistic regression with calculation of odds ratios and their respective 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), was used to evaluate ventilation, sources of formaldehyde, and exposure to cigarette smoke according to formaldehyde concentrations. Formaldehyde concentrations were low ...

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School Air Quality: Pollutants, Monitoring and Toxicity

Dambruoso

Gennaro

Loiotile

et al. 2013

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

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In recent years the use of synthetic materials in building and furnishing,\ud the adoption of new lifestyles, the extensive use of products for environmental\ud cleaning and personal hygiene have contributed to the deterioration of the indoor air\ud quality (IAQ) and introduced new sources of risk to humans. Indoor environments\ud include home work places such as offices, public buildings such as hospitals,\ud schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theatres and cinemas\ud and finally cabins of vehicles. Indoor environments in schools have been of\ud particular public concern. According to recent studies, children aged between 3 and\ud 14 spend 90 % of the day indoors both in winter and summer. Adverse environmental\ud effects on the learning and performance of students in schools could have both\ud immediate and lifelong consequences, for the students and for society. In fact, children\ud have greater susceptibility to some environmental pollutants than adults,\ud because they breathe higher volumes of air relative to their body weights and their\ud tissues and organs are actively growing. This review describes methods for the\ud assessment of indoor air quality in schools. To this aim, monitoring strategies for\ud sampling and measurement of indoor air pollutants will be discussed. The paper’s\ud goal involves four major points: (1) characteristics of indoor environments, chemical\ud pollutants and their sources within school; (2) monitoring strategies; (3) sampling\ud and analysis techniques; and (4) an overview of findings from scientific literature.\ud Finally, we summarizes available knowledge about IAQ in schools highlighting key\ud gaps and suggesting priority topics and strategies for research. Moreover, it provides\ud useful tools to support the stakeholder for development of strategies of prevention\ud and mitigation in school environments in order to improve the indoor air quality

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Determining Domestic Formaldehyde Levels in Ankara, Turkey

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools

An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools

Formaldehído en Viviendas Urbanas en Salvador, Bahía - Brasil

School Air Quality: Pollutants, Monitoring and Toxicity

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