Determining chemical toxicity to aquatic species

Blum, Diane J. W.; Speece, Richard E.

doi:10.1021/es00073a002

Cited by 125 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The different toxic symptoms of chironomid larvae exposed to twelve substituted benzenes may come from different mechanisms of substituted benzenes. Organic pollutants are divided into anesthetic toxicity pollutants and reactive toxicity pollutants [19]. Anesthetic toxicity is further divided into non-polar anesthetic toxicity and polar anesthetic toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anesthetic toxicity is basic toxicity showing low toxicity to organisms. The organic compounds with non-polar anesthetic toxicity destroy membranes but do not combine with biological macromolecules, whereas organic compounds with polar anesthetic toxicity are more toxic than organic compounds with basic toxicity [19]. Reactive toxic organic compounds could interact with organisms and produce multiple toxicity such as covalent bonding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Cao

Niu

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the toxic effects of 12 substituted benzenes exposed to Propsilocerus akamusi larvae singly and as mixtures. Their toxicities were quantified in terms of median effective concentration (EC50) killing 50% of the larvae. For individual substituted benzenes to 4th-instar P. akamusi larvae, the toxicity was in decreasing order of p-chlorophenol > nitrobenzene > phenol > 1,2-dimethylbenzene > 1,3-dimethylbenzene > chlorobenzene > p-phenylenediamine > 1,4-dimethylbenzene > m-phenylenediamine > methylbenzene > benzene > aniline. The order of toxicity among three isomers of dimethylbenzene was 1,2-dimethylbenzene > 1,3-dimethylbenzene > 1,4-dimethylbenzene while p-phenylenediamine > m-phenylenediamine. The binary substituted benzene compounds’ toxicities were evaluated by toxic unit (TU), additive index (AI), mixture toxicity index (MTI) and similarity parameter index (λ). The evaluation results of TU and MTI for 9 substituted benzene compounds were completely consistent while the results of AI were the same as the results of λ based on 24 h EC50 of binary substituted benzenes. The evaluation results of 10 substituted benzene compounds were consistent using TU, MTI, AI and λ evaluation methods. 52.63% and 47.37% of binary substituted benzene tests on P. akamusi larvae showed synergism and partial addition/antagonism, respectively, under mixtures of equal proportions. These results suggest that substituted benzenes indicate acute and binary joint toxicity to P. akamusi.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Cao

Niu

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many semi-theoretical quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) have been proposed to parameterise sorption onto soils/sediments (Baker et al, 1997;Meylan et al, 1992), sorption onto activated carbon (Blum et al, 1994;Luehrs et al, 1996;Belfort et al, 1984), sorption onto wastewater solids (Dobbs et al, 1989), adsorption of organic vapours onto activated carbon (Urano et al, 1982;Nirmalakhandan and Speece, 1993;Prakash et al, 1994), dissolution of compounds (Kamlet et al, 1986;Lane and Loehrs, 1995;Speece, 1988, 1989;Dunnivent et al, 1992), Henry's law constants (Nirmalakhandan and Speece, 1988;Dunnivent et al, 1992;Nirmalakhandan et al, 1997;Brennan et al, 1998), chemical biotransfer (Dowdy et al, 1996), chemical toxicity (Blum and Speece, 1990;Xu and Nirmalakhandan, 1998); and octanolwater partition coefficients (Sablijic et al, 1993). It is well known that the physico-chemical interactions depend on chemical properties of the pollutant such as aqueous solubilities, octanol/water partition coefficients, or structural characteristics including substituted groups on the pollutant molecule, molar volume of the molecule, topology as well as the intrinsic properties like polarity and polarisability of the pollutant molecules (Westall et al, 1985;Kamlet et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

QSAR Models To Predict Effect of Ionic Strength on Sorption of Chlorinated Benzenes and Phenols at Sediment–Water Interface

Rao

Asolekar

2001

Water Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract}It is hypothesised that the experimental sorption coefficient normalised to the organic carbon fraction of sediment (K exp oc ) for non-ionic, hydrophobic, organic pollutant depends upon the molecular properties as well as background ionic strength of the aquatic system. The utility of this concept has been demonstrated by incorporating ionic strength as a parameter in the three quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) namely octanol-water partitioning coefficient model (Kow model), the linear solvation energy model (LSE model), and molecular connectivity indices theory (MCI model). Four chlorinated benzenes and two chlorinated phenols were employed in the present study. Sorption experiments using sediment from the Patalganga River were conducted in laboratory (bottle point method) at different ionic strengths (viz. 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 M). The K cal oc values predicted using Kow model incorporating ionic strength compare reasonably well with the K exp oc values (r 2 ¼ 0:60 and standard error of estimator i.e. SEE=0.35). The LSE model incorporating ionic strength too, was found to be equally good (r 2 ¼ 0:67, SEE=0.33). An attempt has also been made to validate the QSARs developed in the present study utilising the sorption parameters experimentally measured by Dewulf et al. (1996)

show abstract

“…Generally, a difference between predicted and measured values of up to 10-fold is acceptable for ecotoxicology models such as quantitative structure-activity relationships (Blum and Speece, 1990;Pawlisz and Peters, 1993), which are used to derive water quality guidelines. The errors associated with the recommended relationships in this study were smaller than 3-fold, indicating that the relationships are suitable for use in deriving soil quality guidelines.…”

Section: Limitations and Advantages Of The Normalization Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead toxicity thresholds in 17 Chinese soils based on substrate-induced nitrification assay

Huang

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of soil properties on toxicity threshold values for Pb toward soil microbial processes is poorly recognized. The impact of leaching on the Pb threshold has not been assessed systematically. Lead toxicity was screened in 17 Chinese soils using a substrate-induced nitrification (SIN) assay under both leached and unleached conditions. The effective concentration of added Pb causing 50% inhibition (EC50) ranged from 185 to > 2515 mg/kg soil for leached soil and 130 to >2490 mg/kg soil for unleached soil. These results represented > 13-and >19-fold variations among leached and unleached soils, respectively. Leaching significantly reduced Pb toxicity for 70% of both alkaline and acidic soils tested, with an average leaching factor of 3.0. Soil pH and CEC were the two most useful predictors of Pb toxicity in soils, explaining over 90% of variance in the unleached EC50 value. The relationships established in the present study predicted Pb toxicity within a factor of two of measured values. These relationships between Pb toxicity and soil properties could be used to establish site-specific guidance on Pb toxicity thresholds.

show abstract

Determining chemical toxicity to aquatic species

Abstract: In the past, the major concern in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment was reducing oxygen-consuming pollutants. Currently, health concerns, particularly toxicity, are being superimposed on the objectives of wastewater treatment. The quantity of toxicants

Cited by 125 publications

References 9 publications

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

QSAR Models To Predict Effect of Ionic Strength on Sorption of Chlorinated Benzenes and Phenols at Sediment–Water Interface

Lead toxicity thresholds in 17 Chinese soils based on substrate-induced nitrification assay

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About