Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty

Parnia, Rafi; Ghorbani, Ladan; Sepehrvand, Nariman; Hatami, Sanaz; Bazargan‐Hejazi, Shahrzad

doi:10.4103/0970-0358.96594

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The appearance and shape of the umbilicus varies between individuals and changes with age, after pregnancy, because of changes to weight, and also due to scars and hernia [13][14][15]. Pallua et al's study did reflect a preference of white individuals for an oval-shaped umbilicus, although only 14% of his participants presented that form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determining Anatomical Position of the Umbilicus in Turkish Population

Bilgen

Duman²,

Ural

et al. 2020

Indian J Surg

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The umbilicus is essential to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. However, very little has been written about the exact location of the aesthetically pleasing umbilicus as far as the Turkish population is concerned. Although a variety of reconstructive methods are available, no real standards define the location and shape of the umbilicus. This is a single cross-sectional cohort study focused on the morphometric analysis of the umbilicus in 300 adults between 18 and 65 years old. All data, including standardized measures and pictures, were determined. A total of 150 women and 150 men are incorporated into the study who referred to Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Hospital between January and July 2018. In this study, the authors observed that the umbilicus is situated around the midline plane such that the ratio of the distance between the xiphisternum and the umbilicus and the distance between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus is 1.45. Also, the ratio of the distance between the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine and the between anterior superior iliac spine is approximately 0.6/1. Most umbilicus was found to be oval shape in males while round shape in females. Umbilical hood orientation was with an inferior hood in males while superior-inferior hood in females in my study at Turkish population. The present study was performed to determine the normal anatomical position of the umbilicus and umbilicus shapes in a sample of Turkish people and to obtain ideal ranges for repositioning neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determining Anatomical Position of the Umbilicus in Turkish Population

Bilgen

Duman²,

Ural

et al. 2020

Indian J Surg

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“…Parnia et al 16 performed his study on 65 Iranian adult girls and the mean Xp was 32.26 ± 2.23 cm and mean Xu was 17.11 ± 1.64 cm, both of which are close to our results (32.21 ± 4.636 and 18.03 ± 3.266, respectively), while the ratio Xu/Xp was 53.06 ± 3.9%, which is lower than our result (56.39 ± 0.92%), and the formula used to demonstrate the anatomical position of umbilicus was: “Xu = − 0.98 + 0.91Xp − 0.07H” (Xu = distance between umbilicus and xiphisternum, Xp = distance between pubic symphysis and xiphisternum and “H” is the height). When applying this formula to our people, the calculation was 16.07, which did not match with our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Determinations of Umbilical Position in Iraqi Adults

Abdulla

Fahad

2020

Indian J Plast Surg

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Introduction Umbilicus is an important surface landmark on the anterior abdominal wall in addition to its aesthetic and psychological effect. Objectives The objective of the study is to determine the position of umbilicus in Iraqi adults to provide a guide for the neoumbilicus in abdominoplasty. Subjects and Methods This is an observational study performed on 100 volunteers with no abdominal wall abnormality. Measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), distance from xiphoid to umbilicus, distance from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis, distance from xiphoid process to both anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), distance from pubic symphysis to umbilicus and from pubic symphysis to xiphisternum, distance of umbilicus to both ASIS, and distance of umbilicus to interspinous line and to inter-anterior hypochondrium line. Results The study included 100 volunteers, with 50% male and 50% female whose age ranges between 18 to 60 years. The results were a follows: distance from xiphoid process to umbilicus and distance from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis were 18.03 ± 3.25 cm and 32.21 ± 4.64 cm, respectively; distances from xiphoid process to right ASIS and left ASIS were 25.95 ± 5.72 cm and 25.84 ± 6.02 cm, respectively; distance from pubic symphysis to umbilicus was 17.66 ± 3.12 cm; distance of umbilicus to interspinous line was 9.25 ± 1.84 cm. The distance from umbilicus to inter anterior hypochondrium line was 9.905 ± 2.19 cm. Conclusion These measurements can determine the neoumbilicus position, reduce practical mistakes, and improve postsurgical outcomes.

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“…http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/C868.) 2,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]23,24,31,[34][35][36][37] We advocate that standing AU/UC be used for visual guidance to gauge preoperative deficiencies and postoperative results, serving both patients and surgeons. At the same time, we also suggest that the XU/UP and UIC (standing) be used as feasible guides for surgical planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Traditionally, the distance from the xyphoid process to the upper edge of the umbilicus (XU), the distance from the upper edge of the umbilicus to the pubis symphysis (UP), and the distance from the upper edge of the umbilicus to the iliac crests (UIC), among others, are used as reference points to determine the perfect umbilicus position. 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, because authors have measured the distances using different body positions (ie, standing versus supine), [9][10][11][12][13][14]17,[19][20][21][22] 2 XU/UP or UIC numbers are not comparable from one study to another (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Abdominal Landmarks and Their Improvements Using Polydioxanone Thread Placement for Umbilicus Elevation

Yu,

Tang,

2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Different landmarks on the abdomen have been used to evaluate abdominal aesthetics. However, because researchers use different methods for landmark measurements, there is no consensus as to which landmarks to use for either assessing abdominal aesthetics or guiding surgical planning. Methods: Female model photographs were analyzed for abdominal aesthetics with the umbilicus as the key dividing point. Because of the limitation on the number of landmarks that could be shown with model photographs, abdominal landmarks on actual female patients were studied. The variations of landmark metrics due to positional changes and before/after our polydioxanone (PDO)–assisted high-definition liposuctions were recorded. Results: For model photographs, the abdominal apex to mid-umbilicus distance (AU) versus midumbilicus to lower abdominal skin crease (UC) ratio was 1.626. Almost all bony landmarks demonstrated significant caudal shift when switched from standing to supine positions. Meanwhile, other landmarks also underwent substantial changes. This provides evidence that metrics taken in different positions cannot be compared with one another. As expected, after umbilici were elevated with our special technique, the relevant metrics improved postoperatively, with results close to being ideal. However, marked deviations from the mean measured values do exist. Conclusions: Abdominal landmarks change with positional adjustment. In standing position, many landmarks can be used for assessment of abdominal aesthetics. Ideally, efforts should be made such that the final AU/UC is close to 1.618, and XU/UP and UIC close to ideal, for satisfactory surgical results. Nevertheless, in actual practice, umbilicus positions can be varied to accomplish desired goals.

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Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Determining Anatomical Position of the Umbilicus in Turkish Population

Determining Anatomical Position of the Umbilicus in Turkish Population

Anthropometric Determinations of Umbilical Position in Iraqi Adults

Female Abdominal Landmarks and Their Improvements Using Polydioxanone Thread Placement for Umbilicus Elevation

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