Determination of γ- and α-tocopherols in human milk by a direct high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV–vis detection and comparison with evaporative light scattering detection

Romeu-Nadal, M.; Morera-Pons, S; Castellote, Ana I.; López-Sabater, M. Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.049

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…5a). As has been previously reported, pure hydrophobic RP interactions on a C18 or C8 material could not separate these two analogues [15][16][17][18][19][20][25][26]. Increasing the ratio of the aqueous buffer in the mobile phase in order to decrease the strength of the mobile phase did not lead to improvement in the separation of the b-and g-isomers (Fig.…”

Section: Selectivity Of a Pedas-edma Monolith Compared To Commercial supporting

confidence: 51%

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Separation of α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐tocopherols and α‐tocopherol acetate on a pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith by capillary electrochromatography

et al. 2008

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This work reports the first use of a monolith with method development for the separation of tocopherol (TOH) compounds by CEC with UV detection. A pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate-ethylene dimethacrylate (PEDAS-EDMA) monolithic column has been investigated for an optimised condition to separate alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-TOHs, and alpha-tocopherol acetate (TAc). The PEDAS-EDMA monolith showed a remarkably good selectivity for separation of the TOH isomers including the beta- and gamma-isomers which are not easily separated by standard C8 or C18 particle-packed columns. Retention studies indicated that an RP mechanism was involved in the separation on the PEDAS-EDMA column, but polar interactions with the underlying ester and hydroxyl groups enhanced the separation of the problematic beta- and gamma-isomers. Separation of all the compounds was achieved within 25 min using 3:10:87 v/v/v 100 mM Tris buffer (pH 9.3)/methanol/ACN as the mobile phase. The method was successfully applied to a pharmaceutical sample with recoveries from 93 to 99%. Intraday and interday precisions (%RSD) for peak area and retention time were less than 2.3. LODs for all four TOHs and TAc were below 1 ppm.

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Section: Selectivity Of a Pedas-edma Monolith Compared To Commercial supporting

confidence: 51%

“…Although GC [10], CE [23,24] and RP HPLC, with standard C8 or C18 stationary phases [15][16][17][18], showed good separation efficiency, these techniques do not have sufficient selectivity for separation of the b-and g-isomers. Only partial separation of the b-and g-TOHs was observed using a packed C30 stationary phase using HPLC [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Separation of α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐tocopherols and α‐tocopherol acetate on a pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith by capillary electrochromatography

et al. 2008

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“…The other five studies (Schweigert et al, 2004;Quiles et al, 2006;Romeu-Nadal et al, 2006;SziklaiLaszlo et al, 2009;Antonakou et al, 2011) were conducted in mothers of full-term infants in the EU. In these studies, mean α-tocopherol concentration in human milk, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ranged from about 3 mg/L to about 25 mg/L (including all stages of lactation).…”

Section: Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin E as α‐tocopherol

Products¹

2015

EFS2

108

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for vitamin E. In this Opinion, the Panel considers vitamin E as α-tocopherol only. The Panel considers that Average Requirements (ARs) and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) for vitamin E (as α-tocopherol) cannot be derived for adults, infants and children, and therefore defines Adequate Intakes (AIs), based on observed intakes in healthy populations with no apparent α-tocopherol deficiency in the EU. This approach considers the range of average intakes of α-tocopherol and of α-tocopherol equivalents estimated by EFSA from dietary surveys in children and adults in nine countries. The Panel notes the uncertainties in the available food composition and consumption data, the fact that most EU food composition databases contain values for vitamin E as α-tocopherol equivalents, as well as the contribution of average α-tocopherol intakes to average α-tocopherol equivalent intakes in these countries. For adults, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 13 mg/day for men and 11 mg/day for women. For children aged 1 to < 3 years, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 6 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 3 to < 10 years, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 9 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 10 to < 18 years, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 13 mg/day for boys and 11 mg/day for girls. For infants aged 7-11 months, an AI for α-tocopherol of 5 mg/day is derived by extrapolating upwards from the estimated α-tocopherol intake in exclusively breast-fed infants aged 0-6 months and rounding. For pregnant or lactating women, the Panel considers that there is no evidence for an increased dietary α-tocopherol requirement, and the same AI is set as for non-pregnant non-lactating women. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin. Previously, the term vitamin E was used as the generic term for four tocopherols (α, β, γ, δ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ), which are organic compounds that possess antioxidant activity to a different degree. Factors have been used to convert food contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols to α-tocopherol equivalents. In this Opinion, based on the available evidence and in line with other authoritative bodies, the Panel considers vitamin E as being α-tocopherol only. Its naturally occurring form is RRR-α-tocopherol. Commercially available forms of α-tocopherol include RRR-α-tocopherol, a synthetic form that contains in equal proportions the eight stereoisomers of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RRS-, RSR-, RSS-and their enantiomers SSS-, SSR-, SRS-, SRR-) and is called all-rac-α-tocopherol, and their esterified forms. © EuropeanEfficient α-tocopherol absorption requires the presence of fat. The Panel considered that the average α-tocopherol absorption from a usual diet is about 75 %. This is based on the means observed in two balance studies and in a kinetic study using a multi-compartmental model of α-tocopherol metabolism. After its intestinal absorption, α-toc...

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“…These compounds include a-tocopherol, 60 b-carotene, 61 cysteine, 62 ascorbic acid, 61 catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. 63 In vitro studies have demonstrated that breast milk degrades naturally-occurring hydrogen peroxide, as well as that produced by neutrophils, possibly due to their catalase content.…”

Section: Antioxidant Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of breast milk

Palmeira

Carneiro‐Sampaio

2016

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

208

175

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In the critical phase of immunological immaturity of the newborn, particularly for the immune system of mucous membranes, infants receive large amounts of bioactive components through colostrum and breast milk. Colostrum is the most potent natural immune booster known to science. Breastfeeding protects infants against infections mainly via secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies, but also via other various bioactive factors. It is striking that the defense factors of human milk function without causing inflammation; some components are even anti-inflammatory. Protection against infections has been well evidenced during lactation against, e.g., acute and prolonged diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, including otitis media, urinary tract infection, neonatal septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The milk's immunity content changes over time.In the early stages of lactation, IgA, anti-inflammatory factors and, more likely, immunologically active cells provide additional support for the immature immune system of the neonate. After this period, breast milk continues to adapt extraordinarily to the infant's ontogeny and needs regarding immune protection and nutrition. The need to encourage breastfeeding is therefore justifiable, at least during the first 6 months of life, when the infant's secretory IgA production is insignificant.

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Determination of γ- and α-tocopherols in human milk by a direct high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV–vis detection and comparison with evaporative light scattering detection

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Separation of α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐tocopherols and α‐tocopherol acetate on a pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith by capillary electrochromatography

Separation of α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐tocopherols and α‐tocopherol acetate on a pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith by capillary electrochromatography

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin E as α‐tocopherol

Immunology of breast milk

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