Determination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Lee, Hing-Biu; Sarafin, Kurtis; Peart, Thomas E.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.024

Cited by 121 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…MDL values (range, 1.25-17.7 ng/L; mean, 4.08 ng/L) were also in the same order of magnitude (low ng/L) as other similar methods [18,21,24,25] and adequately low for analysis of surface water samples.…”

Section: Analytical Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The majority of methods in the peer reviewed literature for determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices do not indicate whether final concentrations were corrected for recovery or not. Of the methods cited in this paper, only Lee et al [25] indicate that they did not correct for recovery. We conclude that the acceptably low variation in recovery (<16%, n = 12 across 3 days) allowed it to be used as a correction factor in the final determination of pharmaceutical concentrations in environmental sample analysis.…”

Section: Calibration and Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The popularity of this procedure is due to the selectivity and sensitivity of LC-MS/MS and the ability of diverse SPE sorbent chemistries to bind a wide variety of molecules [12][13][14]. Numerous studies have successfully utilized LC-MS/MS to detect pharmaceutical residues in sewage treatment plant (STP) influent and effluent, surface water, and groundwater after sample pre-concentration using SPE [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Pharmaceutical residues are consistently analyzed down to the low ng/L level with drawbacks being matrix effects and separation difficulties for highly polar compounds [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of a broad mixture of pharmaceuticals in surface water

Conley

Symes

Kindelberger

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography A

118

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Herein, a new method for the detection of 13 different pharmaceuticals and one metabolite in surface water at low ng/L levels is described. The method utilizes ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a solid-phase extraction sample preparation. Mean method detection limits were low (4.10 ng/L) and overall solid-phase extraction recovery and reproducibility was adequate (mean recovery, 77.9%; mean RSD, 7.3%). The method allows for quick run times and minimal solvent use as compared with other previously reported high performance liquid chromatography-based methods. Application of this method for the detection of pharmaceuticals in Tennessee River surface water determined that caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and carbamazepine were frequently detected (100% of samples). Trimethoprim was moderately detected (30% of samples); acetaminophen, atorvastatin, and lovastatin were infrequently detected (10% of samples); and ciprofloxacin, diltiazem, fluoxetine, levofloxacin, norfluoxetine, ranitidine, and sertraline were not detected. This study reports the first detection of lovastatin in surface water.

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Section: Analytical Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Calibration and Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of a broad mixture of pharmaceuticals in surface water

Conley

Symes

Kindelberger

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography A

118

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“…Among them, the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE 2 ), mestranol or the estradiol valerate are widely used. These compounds, in addition to natural hormones, 17b-estrodiol (E 2 ), estrone (E 1 ) and estriol (E 3 ), are excreted by women and consequently found in wastewater (Aherne and Briggs, 1989;Lee and Peart, 1998). Men also excrete estrogens but in lesser quantities (Fotsis and Adlercreutz, 1987).…”

Section: Receiving River Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of estrogenic effects in sewage and industrial wastewaters in Beijing, China

Rao

Wang

2007

Environmental Pollution

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Estrogenic activity in Beijing river water is attributed to direct discharges of untreated municipal and industrial wastewaters. AbstractEstrogenic potencies of the effluents or water samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), industries and hospitals and some receiving rivers in Beijing city were estimated by using a human estrogen receptor recombinant yeast assay. Estrogenic activity of industrial wastewaters was found to range from 0.1 to 13.3 ng EEQ/L and decreased to the range of 0.03e1.6 ng EEQ/L after treatment. Estrogenic activity in WWTP influent ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 ng EEQ/L and decreased to the range of 0.05e0.5 ng EEQ/L after treatment. In the receiving river waters, the estrogenic effect range was 0.1e4.7 ng EEQ/L. These data suggest that treated industrial effluents and WWTP effluents of concern are not the only source of estrogenic pollution in surface waters in Beijing city. EEQ levels in Beijing river water are likely attributable to untreated municipal and industrial wastewaters discharged directly into the river.

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“…12,14 Hospital wastewater is a complex matrix that interferes with the analysis of micro-contaminants. The problem of eliminating interference has to be addressed, and the most commonly applied technique for clean-up and enrichment is solid phase extraction (SPE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate optimization of analytical methodology and a first attempt to an environmental risk assessment of β-blockers in hospital wastewater

Wilde¹,

Kümmerer²,

Martins³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O presente estudo avalia, preliminarmente, o risco da exposição ambiental a β-bloqueadores em efluente de um hospital universitário (Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), Rio Grande do Sul). Propranolol mostrou o maior quociente de risco (0,56). A ocorrência de β-bloqueadores foi avaliada com auxílio de metodologia de SPE-HPLC-FLD (extração por fase sólida-cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência) otimizando-se multivariadamente as variáveis pH da amostra, pH da água e a razão entre metanol:acetonitrila:ácido fórmico. As concentrações médias de atenolol, metoprolol e propranolol medidas durante o período de uma semana foram de 2,45 ± 1,14, 4,67 ± 1,63 e 0,70 ± 0,88 μg L -1 no efluente do pronto atendimento, 0,95 ± 0,68, 0,70 ± 0,33 e 0,315 ± 0,62 μg L -1 no efluente geral do hospital e 1,26 ± 0,47, 1,27 ± 0,35 e 0,56 ± 0,47 μg L -1 no córrego receptor, respectivamente. Propranolol mostrou razão MEC/PNEC > 1 (MEC: concentração ambiental mensurada e PNEC: concentração predita que não causa efeito), exigindo maior atenção em termos de toxicidade. A ocorrência de β-bloqueadores e o risco ambiental associado demonstram a necessidade de um sistema mais eficiente de tratamento do efluente hospitalar.This preliminary study evaluated an assessment of the risks arising from environmental exposure to β-blockers from wastewater of an university hospital (University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Propranolol showed the highest risk quotient (0.56). The occurrence of β-blockers was evaluated using an analytical procedure SPE-HPLC-FLD (solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection), optimizing the variables sample pH, water pH, and methanol:acetonitrile:formic acid ratio of the elution stage. The average concentrations of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol for a sampling period of one week were 2.45 ± 1.14, 4.67 ± 1.63 and 0.70 ± 0.88 μg L -1 in the 'Emergence' sewage; 0.95 ± 0.68, 0.70 ± 0.33 and 0.315 ± 0.62 μg L -1 in the 'HUSM general' sewage and 1.26 ± 0.47, 1.27 ± 0.35 and 0.56 ± 0.47 μg L -1 in the 'Receiving waters', the receptor stream of the effluents, respectively. Propranolol showed an MEC/PNEC ratio > 1, and thus requires more attention in terms of toxicity. The occurrence of β-blockers and the associated environmental risks demonstrate the need of a more efficient treatment system for the hospital wastewater.

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Determination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 121 publications

References 27 publications

Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of a broad mixture of pharmaceuticals in surface water

Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of a broad mixture of pharmaceuticals in surface water

Occurrence of estrogenic effects in sewage and industrial wastewaters in Beijing, China

Multivariate optimization of analytical methodology and a first attempt to an environmental risk assessment of β-blockers in hospital wastewater

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Determination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 121 publications

References 27 publications

Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of a broad mixture of pharmaceuticals in surface water

Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of a broad mixture of pharmaceuticals in surface water

Occurrence of estrogenic effects in sewage and industrial wastewaters in Beijing, China

Multivariate optimization of analytical methodology and a first attempt to an environmental risk assessment of &#946;-blockers in hospital wastewater

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Multivariate optimization of analytical methodology and a first attempt to an environmental risk assessment of β-blockers in hospital wastewater