Occurrence of estrogenic effects in sewage and industrial wastewaters in Beijing, China

Ma, Ming; Rao, Kaifeng; Wang, Zijian

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.032

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Consequently, monitoring influent and effluent steroid estrogen concentrations and assessing their fate in different areas and different WWTP treatment processes are essential. Previous reports have shown estrogenic activity in effluent from large sewage treatment plants in Beijing (Ma et al 2005(Ma et al , 2007 and revealed the presence of steroid estrogens in WWTP influent and effluent in China (Jin et al 2008;Chang et al 2011;Zhou et al 2011). However, studies on seasonal variation and the removal and degradation mechanism of steroid estrogens in WWTPs are absent in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China

Zhou

Zha

Wang

2011

Environ Monit Assess

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concern over steroid estrogens has increased rapidly in recent years due to their adverse health effects. Effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the main pollutant source for environmental water. To understand the pollutant level and fate of steroid estrogens in WWTPs, the occurrence of estrone (E1), 17-β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17-β-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was investigated in the Gaobeidian WWTP in Beijing, China. Water samples from influent as well as effluent from second sedimentation tanks and advanced treatment processes were taken monthly during 2006 to 2007. In influent, steroid estrogen concentrations varied from 11.6 to 1.1× 10 2 ng/l, 3.7 to 1.4×10 2 ng/l, no detection (nd) to 7.6×10 2 ng/l and nd to 3.3×10 2 ng/l for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. Compared with documented values, the higher steroid estrogen concentrations in the WWTP influent may be due to higher population density, higher birthrate, less dilution, and different sampling time. Results revealed that a municipal WWTP with an activated sludge system incorporating anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic processes could eliminate natural and synthetic estrogens effectively. The mean elimination efficiencies were 83.2%, 96.4%, 98.8%, and 93.0% for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. The major removal mechanism for natural estrogens and synthetic estrogen EE2 were biodegradation and sorption on the basis of mass balance in water, suspension particles, and sludge. In the WWTP effluent, however, the highest concentrations of E1, E2, E3, and EE2 attained were 74.2, 3.9, 5.1, and 4.6 ng/l, respectively. This is concerning as residual steroid estrogens in WWTP effluent could lead to pollution of the receiving water. Advanced flocculation treatment was applied in the WWTP and transformed the residual estrogen conjugates to free species, which were reduced further by filtration with removal shifting from 32% to 57% for natural estrogen, although no EE2 was removed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China

Zhou

Zha

Wang

2011

Environ Monit Assess

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From an ecotoxicological view, the estrogenic effects of steroid estrogens on test animals have been observed in the range of 0.2-1 ng/l, which are lower than those commonly detected in aquatic environments Legler et al 2002;Zuo et al 2005;Campbell et al 2006;Labadie and Budzinski 2006;Zha et al 2008). Consequently, steroid estrogens in water environments may pose a significant threat to aquatic life or those depending on such water (Purdom et al 1994;Hansen et al 1998;Sun et al 2007;Ma et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of six steroid estrogens from different effluents in Beijing, China

Zhou

Zha

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concentration levels of six natural and anthropogenic origin steroid estrogens, namely, diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estradiol-17-valerate (Ev), from different effluents in Beijing were assessed. Sampling sites include two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a chemical plant, a hospital, a pharmaceutical factory, a hennery, and a fish pool. In general, concentrations of estrogens in the effluents varied from no detection (nd) to 11.1 ng/l, 0.7 to 1.2 × 10 3 ng/l, nd to 67.4 ng/l, nd to 4.1 × 10 3 ng/l, nd to 1.2 × 10 3 ng/l, and nd to 11.2 ng/l for DES, E1, E2, EE2, E3, and Ev, respectively. The concentration levels of steroid estrogens from different effluents decreased in the order of pharmaceutical factory and WWTP inlets > hospital > hennery > chemical factory > fish pool. This study indicated that natural estrogens E1, E2, and E3 and synthetic estrogen EE2 are the dominant steroid estrogens found in the different Beijing effluents. For source identification, an indicator (hE = E3/(E1 + E2 + E3)) was used to trace human estrogen excretion. Accordingly, hE in effluents from the hospital and WWTP inlets exceeded 0.4, while much smaller values were obtained for the other effluents. Human excretions were the major contributor of natural estrogens in municipal wastewater. Estimation results demonstrated that direct discharge was the major contributor of steroid estrogen pollution in receiving waters.

show abstract

“…However, by chemical analysis approach alone, only limited chemical concentration information can be obtained from the analyzed wastewaters, with little understanding of potential adverse effects on the environment [12]. Fortunately, bioassays can integrate the effects of all pollutants and show the integrated activity of a whole effluent [14][15][16]. Therefore, in vitro bioassays combined with chemical analysis could provide better understanding of the risks of chemicals and potential impacts of industrial wastewaters on organisms in the environment [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hormonal activities and genotoxicity of industrial effluents using in vitro bioassays combined with chemical analysis

Fang

Ying

Zhao

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wastewaters from various industries are a main source of the contaminants in aquatic environments. The authors evaluated the hormonal activities (estrogenic/anti‐estrogenic activities, androgenic/anti‐androgenic activities) and genotoxicity of various effluents from textile and dyeing plants, electronic and electroplate factories, pulp and paper mills, fine chemical factories, and municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta region by using in vitro bioassays (yeast estrogen screen [YES]; yeast androgen screen [YAS]; and genotoxicity assay [umu/SOS]) combined with chemical analysis. The results demonstrated the presence of estrogenic, anti‐estrogenic, and anti‐androgenic activity in most industrial effluents, whereas no androgenic activities were detected in all of the effluents. The measured estrogenic activities expressed as estradiol equivalent concentrations (EEQs) ranged from below detection (3 of 26 samples) to 40.7 ng/L, with a mean of 7.33 ng/L in all effluents. A good linear relationship was found between the EEQs measured by YES bioassay and the EEQs calculated from chemical concentrations. These detected estrogenic compounds, such as 4‐nonylphenol and estrone, were responsible for the estrogenic activities in the effluents. The genotoxic effects expressed as benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaP EQs) varied between below detection and 88.2 µg/L, with a mean of 8.76 µg/L in all effluents. The target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were minor contributors to the genotoxicity in the effluents, and some nontarget compounds in the effluents were responsible for the measured genotoxicity. In terms of estrogenic activities and genotoxicity, discharge of these effluents could pose high risks to aquatic organisms in the receiving environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1273–1282. © 2012 SETAC

show abstract

Occurrence of estrogenic effects in sewage and industrial wastewaters in Beijing, China

Cited by 66 publications

References 41 publications

Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China

Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China

Occurrences of six steroid estrogens from different effluents in Beijing, China

Assessment of hormonal activities and genotoxicity of industrial effluents using in vitro bioassays combined with chemical analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About