Determination of Zidovudine in Pharmaceuticals by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Leandro, Kátia Christina; Moreira, Josino Costa; Farias, Pércio Augusto Mardini

doi:10.1080/00032711003687021

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The zidovudine peak is separated by 0.43 V with the ssDNA stripping peaks. In particular, this approach offers similar efficiency in comparison to electrochemistry [24] and chromatographic methods. Additionally, further studies using diluted alkaline solution as the supporting electrolyte and film mercury electrode modified in situ by metallic ions can be used to detect other drugs and DNA-intercalating dyes, as well as amino-acids, peptides and protein determinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Determination of the Antiretroviral Drug Zidovudine in Diluted Alkaline Electrolyte by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode

Castro¹,

Aucélio²,

Rey³

et al. 2011

AJAC

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This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film mercury electrode, followed by a linear-sweep stripping voltammetry measurement of the surface species. Optimal experimental conditions include a NaOH solution of 2.0 × 10 -3 mol·L -1 (supporting electrolyte), an accumulation potential of -0.30 V and a scan rate of 100 mV·s -1 . The response of zidovudine is linear over the concentration range 0.01 -0.08 ppm. After an accumulation time of 5 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 0.67 ppb (2.5 × 10 -9 mol·L -1 ). More convenient methods to measure zidovudine concentration in the presence of the didanosine, acyclovir, nevirapine, lamivudine, and efavirenz, were also investigated. The presence of zidovudine together with ATP or ssDNA demonstrates the utility of this method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several methods have been discovered for the quantitative determination of zidovudine including chromatog- raphy [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], fluorescence polarization immunoassay [16], using diamond paste based immunosensor [17], fluorescence spectroscopy [18] and voltammetry [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Antiretroviral Drug Zidovudine in Diluted Alkaline Electrolyte by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode

Castro¹,

Aucélio²,

Rey³

et al. 2011

AJAC

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“…Another DPV method has been described for the quantitative determination of ZDV by Leandro et al [40]. In this study, the reduction of ZDV at an HMDE was at −0.96 V at pH 8.0 phosphate buffer.…”

Section: Zidovudine (Azidothymidine)mentioning

confidence: 90%

A Review of Electroanalytical Techniques for Determination of Anti-HIV Drugs

Bozal

Uslu

Özkan

2011

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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Until now after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was discovered as the then tentative aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), exactly 25 anti-HIV compounds have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. These compounds fall into six categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, stavudine, and emtricitabine), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs: tenofovir), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, and etravirine), protease inhibitors (PIs: ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, fosamprenavir, atazanavir, tipranavir and darunavir), fusion inhibitors (FIs: enfuvirtide), coreceptor inhibitors (CRIs: maraviroc), and integrase inhibitors (INIs: raltegravir). The present paper submitted the use of various electroanalytical techniques for the determination of anti-HIV drugs. This paper covers the time period from 1990 to 2010 including voltammetric techniques that were reported. Presented application concerns analysis of anti-HIV drugs from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples.

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“…These assays utilize a variety of techniques including the flow-injection spectrophotometric technique [ 9 ]. Recently, electroanalytical methods for similar zalcitabine antiretroviral drugs for lamivudine determination in human serum [ 10 ] and for zidovudine in pharmaceutical dosage forms [ 11 ] were also developed. The present work reports preliminary investigations on the electrochemical behavior of zalcitabine in Clark-Lubs buffer electrolyte (pH 2.0) at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and proposes an alternative approach using differential pulse voltammetry to the determination of trace amounts of zalcitabine in medicaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Zalcitabine in Medicaments by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Leandro

Moreira

Farias

2013

Journal of Pharmaceutics

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The zalcitabine (ddC) has been extensively used in the treatment of HIV patients due to its antiretroviral activity. The quality control of this active principle in medications is of outstanding importance to public health. The principal objective of the current study was the development of an alternative analytical methodology for the zalcitabine determination using a voltammetric process. The zalcitabine gives a reduction peak (at −1.22 V versus Ag/AgCl) at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The differential pulse voltammetric response is evaluated with respect to the scan rate (20 mV/s), pulse amplitude (50 mV), support electrolyte (Clark-Lubs buffer), pH (2.0), and other variables. The response is linear over the 10.0 to 28.0 mg/L (47 to 133 μM) concentration range, and the detection limit is 2.08 mg/L. The validation of this method was realized using a governmental Brazilian document (Inmetro, 2007) and the results are reported for medication drugs.

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Determination of Zidovudine in Pharmaceuticals by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Determination of the Antiretroviral Drug Zidovudine in Diluted Alkaline Electrolyte by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode

Determination of the Antiretroviral Drug Zidovudine in Diluted Alkaline Electrolyte by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode

A Review of Electroanalytical Techniques for Determination of Anti-HIV Drugs

Determination of Zalcitabine in Medicaments by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

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