Determination of water with a modified Karl Fischer reagent Stability and the mechanism of reaction with water

Sherman, F. B.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(80)80249-9

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is evidence that Fischer was attempting to stabilize the Bunsen reaction, which involves iodine and sulfur dioxide but no alcohol, when he discovered the reaction that bears his name (3). The unbuffered Bunsen reaction 2HaO + S02 + Ia -» H2S04 + 2HI (4) is the basis for the "universal" reagents (4) in which an aprotic solvent is used. Two moles of water are consumed for each mole of iodine, in contrast to the 1:1 molar ratio found in the protic Karl Fischer environment.…”

Section: Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moisture determination using Karl Fischer titrations

Macleod¹

1991

Anal. Chem.

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An accurate and precise moisture determination is often essential in resolving issues where water is involved.Water has been identified as a contaminant limiting the reactivity of products (e.g., monomers, various resins and coating materials, prepregs), a reactant limiting the lifetime of a material (e.g., halocarbons, acetylsalicylic acid), a medium for reaction between components in a mixture (e.g., pharmaceutical formulations), and as a factor limiting the accuracy of other measurements (e.g., mass balance).Although a number of chromatographic, spectroscopic, electronic, thermal, and wet chemical methods have been used to determine moisture, the Karl Fischer titration, originally described in 1935 (1), is the approach most widely used.This REPORT includes discussions of the reaction chemistry, side reactions, reagent composition, and experimental mechanics as well as the issues involved in assay development for the Karl Fischer titration.

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Section: Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two moles of water are consumed for each mole of iodine, in contrast to the 1:1 molar ratio found in the protic Karl Fischer environment. The drawback of this reaction for water determination is the sensitivity of the titer to sample and solvent composition (4).…”

Section: Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture determination using Karl Fischer titrations

Macleod¹

1991

Anal. Chem.

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“…There is evidence that Fischer was attempting to stabilize the Bunsen reaction, which involves iodine and sulfur dioxide but no alcohol, when he discovered the reaction that bears his name (3). The unbuffered Bunsen reaction 2H20 + S02 + I2 -» H2S04 + 2HI (4) is the basis for the "universal" reagents (4) in which an aprotic solvent is used. Two moles of water are consumed for each mole of iodine, in contrast to the 1:1 molar ratio found in the protic Karl Fischer environment.…”

Section: Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture Determination Using Karl Fischer Τitrations

MacLeod¹

1991

Anal. Chem.

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An accurate and precise moisture de-termination is often essential in resolving issues where water is involved.Water has been identified as a contaminant limiting the reactivity of products (e.g., monomers, various resins and coating materials, prepregs), a reactant limiting the lifetime of a material (e.g., halocarbons, acetylsalicylic acid), a medium for reaction between components in a mixture (e.g., pharmaceutical formulations), and as a factor limiting the accuracy of other measurements (e.g., mass balance).Although a number of chromatographic, spectroscopic, electronic, thermal, and wet chemical methods have been used to determine moisture, the Karl Fischer titration, originally described in 1935 (J), is the approach most widely used.This REPORT includes discussions of the reaction chemistry, side reactions, reagent composition, and experimental mechanics as well as the issues involved in assay development for the Karl Fischer titration.

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“…The most common off-line electrochemical method, Karl-Fischer titration, fails to track the water content while the battery is operating. 13 Even though many operando analytical techniques, such as NMR, 14 , 15 EPR, 16 TEM 17 and X-ray diffraction, 18 have been operated to monitor complex electrochemical processes, 19 – 21 none of these approaches are able to directly measure the water content in liquid electrolytes during electrochemical cycling. To this end, there is an urgent demand for new operando analytical techniques that can realize the direct monitoring of trace water in an operating Li-ion battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%