Determination of volatile non intentionally added substances coming from a starch-based biopolymer intended for food contact by different gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches

Osório, Jorge; Dreolin, Nicola; Aznar, María Pilar Matud; Nerı́n, Cristina; Hancock, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.007

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Screening analysis can be conducted for unpredicted NIAS and detects predicted NIAS and IAS [ 9 ]. In this approach, an FCM or a starting substance(s) is extracted with one or more simulant/extraction solvents followed by analysis using several analytical methods to provide maximum coverage for all substances possible, e.g., headspace/solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [ 34 ], gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect volatile substances [ 77 , 91 ]; GC-FID or GC-MS for semi-volatile substances [ 77 , 129 ]; liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) or LC high-resolution MS for non-volatile and polar compounds [ 25 , 28 , 60 , 78 ]; inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) for trace elements [ 99 ]; and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for general screening [ 63 , 118 ]. High-resolution GC-MS may also be useful for the analysis of NIAS [ 7 ].…”

Section: The Challenges Of the Nias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Kato

Conté-Júnior

2021

Polymers

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Several food contact materials (FCMs) contain non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), and most of the substances that migrate from plastic food packaging are unknown. This review aimed to situate the main challenges involving unknown NIAS in plastic food packaging in terms of identification, migration tests, prediction, sample preparation, determination methods and risk assessment trials. Most studies have identified NIAS in plastic materials as polyurethane adhesives (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester coatings, polypropylene materials (PP), multilayers materials, plastic films, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recycled materials, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Degradation products are almost the primary source of NIAS in plastic FCMs, most from antioxidants as Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, following by oligomers and side reaction products. The NIAS assessment in plastics FCMs is usually made by migration tests under worst-case conditions using food simulants. For predicted NIAS, targeted analytical methods are applied using GC-MS based methods for volatile NIAS and GC-MS and LC-MS based methods for semi- and non-volatile NIAS; non-targeted methods to analyze unknown NIAS in plastic FCMs are applied using GC and LC techniques combined with QTOF mass spectrometry (HRMS). In terms of NIAS risk assessment and prioritization, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is the most applied tool for risk assessment. Bioassays with sensitive analytical techniques seem to be an efficient method to identify NIAS and their hazard to human exposure; the combination of genotoxicity testing with analytical chemistry could allow the Cramer class III TTC application to prioritize unknown NIAS. The scientific justification for implementing a molecular weight-based cut-off (<1000 Da) in the risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated. Although official guides and opinions are being issued on the subject, the whole chain’s alignment is needed, and more specific legislation on the steps to follow to get along with NIAS.

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Section: The Challenges Of the Nias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Kato

Conté-Júnior

2021

Polymers

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“…Moreover, some FCMs, which do not appear in the regulation are also frequently used. For example, bio‐matrix FCMs, such as starch‐based [10–12], chitosan‐based [13–15], and polylactic acid‐based [16–18] materials, have taken up a certain percentage for usage. The utilization of composite materials can strengthen the practicability and durability of food contact articles.…”

Section: Food Contact Materials and Migrating Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on sample pretreatment methods for migrating substances from food contact materials

Ouyang

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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Excessive absorption of migrating substances from food contact materials can affect human health. Thus, it is essential to analyze the migration of contaminant from food contact materials. However, comprehensive analysis has been challenged by low concentration of migrating substances, manifold and complex matrix interference of food contact materials. Therefore, appropriate sample pretreatment methods should be applied before instrumental detection, which is essential to improve the analytical efficiency, sensitivity, and reliability. This paper systematically reviews the development of sample pretreatment methods for analysis of migrating substances from food contact materials in the past decade. To extract volatile and semi‐volatile substances, headspace extraction, headspace solid phase microextraction, and purge and trap technique are discussed. For non‐volatile substances, solid–liquid extraction and field‐assisted extraction are usually used to extract them from food contact materials, while liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and their corresponding microextraction techniques play important roles on enrichment process. In addition, new progress in developments of sample pretreatment methods of food contact materials is summarized, covering new devices, specific adsorbents, and sample preparation methods for rapid detection. An outlook of future prospect of sample pretreatment, especially for non‐targeted analysis of non‐intentionally added substances is briefly discussed.

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“…FCMs can be a source of odorous volatile compounds that can influence organoleptic properties such as taste and smell of stored food. It is especially important in the case of new FCMs such as biopolymers [30,48]. For this reason, it is important to study the aroma profiles of polymers, adhesives, printing inks, paper, cardboard and biopolymers, in order to be sure that they will not modify the sensory properties of food in contact with them.…”

Section: Odorous Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volatile Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible to create a homemade database with standards injected using different conditions. Another possibility is to use software provided by a company that matches possible chemical structures with the obtained spectra [30,53,54]. Comparison of chromatograms obtained by GC-MS and APGC-Q-TOF-MS E during nontarget screening of (semi)volatiles in food-grade polymers is shown in Figure 4 [54].…”

Section: Volatile Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Approaches for Analysis of Safety of Modern Food Packaging: A Review

Wrona

Nerı́n

2020

Molecules

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Nowadays, food packaging is a crucial tool for preserving food quality and has become an inseparable part of our daily life. Strong consumer demand and market trends enforce more advanced and creative forms of food packaging. New packaging development requires safety evaluations that always implicate the application of complex analytical methods. The present work reviews the development and application of new analytical methods for detection of possible food contaminants from the packaging origin on the quality and safety of fresh food. Among food contaminants migrants, set-off migrants from printing inks, polymer degradation products, and aromatic volatile compounds can be found that may compromise the safety and organoleptic properties of food. The list of possible chemical migrants is very wide and includes antioxidants, antimicrobials, intentionally added substances (IAS), non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), monomers, oligomers, and nanoparticles. All this information collected prior to the analysis will influence the type of analyzing samples and molecules (analytes) and therefore the selection of a convenient analytical method. Different analytical strategies will be discussed, including techniques for direct polymer analysis.

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Determination of volatile non intentionally added substances coming from a starch-based biopolymer intended for food contact by different gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Research progress on sample pretreatment methods for migrating substances from food contact materials

Analytical Approaches for Analysis of Safety of Modern Food Packaging: A Review

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