Determination of urochloralic acid, the glucuronic acid conjugate of trichloroethanol, by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and its application to urine, plasma and liver

Alkylation, acylation, silylation and other derivatization reactions applied to the gas chromatographic analysis of drugs in biological matrices are reviewed. Reaction conditions are discussed in relation to reaction mechanisms. Detector-oriented labelling of drugs, and derivatization with chiral reagents for the separation of enantiomers are surveyed. Data on the sample clean-up, derivatization and GLC analysis of more than 300 drugs and related compounds are listed.

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Sniffing out the Truth: Clinical Diagnosis Using the Electronic Nose

Pavlou¹,

Turner²

2000

CCLM

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Recently the use of smell in clinical diagnosis has been rediscovered due to major advances in odour sensing technology and artificial intelligence (AI). It was well known in the past that a number of infectious or metabolic diseases could liberate specific odours characteristic of the disease stage. Later chromatographic techniques identified an enormous number of volatiles in human clinical specimens that might serve as potential disease markers. "Artificial nose" technology has been employed in several areas of medical diagnosis, including rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB), Helicobacter pylori (HP) and urinary tract infections (UTI). Preliminary results have demonstrated the possibility of identifying and characterising microbial pathogens in clinical specimens. A hybrid intelligent model of four interdependent "tools", odour generation "kits", rapid volatile delivery and recovery systems, consistent low drift sensor performance and a hybrid intelligent system of parallel neural networks (NN) and expert systems, have been applied in gastric, pulmonary and urine diagnosis. Initial clinical tests have shown that it may be possible in the near future to use electronic nose technology not only for the rapid detection of diseases such as peptic ulceration, UTI, and TB but also for the continuous dynamic monitoring of disease stages. Major advances in information and gas sensor technology could enhance the diagnostic power of future bio-electronic noses and facilitate global surveillance models of disease control and management.

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Determination of urochloralic acid, the glucuronic acid conjugate of trichloroethanol, by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and its application to urine, plasma and liver

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Evolutionary Computing Techniques for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Vivo, Using Gas Sensors

Evolutionary Computing Techniques for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Vivo, Using Gas Sensors

Derivatization reactions in the gas—liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs in biological fluids

Sniffing out the Truth: Clinical Diagnosis Using the Electronic Nose

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