Determination of urinary methylhippuric acids using MIL‐53‐NH₂ (Al) metal–organic framework in microextraction by packed sorbent followed by HPLC–UV analysis

Abstract

For the analysis of methylhippuric acids (MHAs) in human urine samples, in this study, a new method based on the metal–organic framework (MOF) of MIL‐53‐NH2 (Al) in microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) was developed. The synthesis of MIL‐53‐NH2 (Al) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influences of several parameters including type and volume of elution, type of conditional solvent, sample volume and extraction cycle on MEPS efficiency. The results showed good recoveries (>94%) and excellent extraction efficiencies (>96%) at three different concentrations of 50, 500 and 1500 μg ml−1 (as low, mid and high concentrations, respectively) of MHA isomers. Calibration curves of MHAs were linear over the concentration range of 1–1500 μg ml−1, with high correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.998). The reproducibility of the proposed MIL‐53‐MEPS for determination of three isomers of MHA was found to be in the range of 3.5–11.1%. After optimization of the proposed technique, it was used to analyze MHAs in urine samples of workers exposed to xylenes in a petrochemical plant in Asalouyah, Iran. The results indicated that the MOF–MEPS method was selective, sensitive, rapid and efficient for the extraction of urinary MHAs. The technique is also environmentally friendly and inexpensive, and the MOF sorbent is reusable.

Anodic electrosynthesis of MIL-53(Al)-N(CH2PO3H2)2 as a mesoporous catalyst for synthesis of novel (N-methyl-pyrrol)-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric based oxidation

“…Besides, the potential functionalization and post-modification of MOFs have exposed the art of chemists in different fields 15,16 . The various documents have been reported for synthesis and electrosynthesis of MOFs as powder and thin films [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . Behind the beneficial chemical synthesis procedures, the anodic and cathodic electrosynthesis methods are easy to observe and have been received a more acceptable niche and platform because of the environmentally friendly conditions [30][31][32][33][34] .…”

Determination of halogenated hydrocarbons in urine samples using a needle trap device packed with Ni/Zn–BTC bi-MMOFviathe dynamic headspace method

“…The footprint of MOFs can be seen in chemical applications such as separation, storage, catalysis, drug delivery, pollution analysis, and electrochemical applications such as supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, and sensors. [18][19][20][21][22][23] The positive outlook comes from the diversity of structures, the exibility of synthesis procedures, high surface area (up to 6000 m 2 g À1 ), adjustable pores, selective adsorption, reusability, and suitable chemical and thermal stability as some of the advantages of MOFs. [24][25][26][27] But MOFs suffer from a weakness compared to zeolites and activated carbons.…”

Evaluation of nano sized Mg@BTC metal organic framework as a drug carrier: A long term experimental and predictive theoretical study

“…Metal organic frameworks have been applied on several fields [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Major applications of MOFs are light emitting devices [11,12] and sensors [3,11], gas storage [13,14], magnets [15,16], catalysts [17,18] and drug delivery [1][2][3][19][20][21].…”