Determination of ultra trace amounts of bismuth in biological and water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) after cloud point extraction

Shemirani, Farzaneh; Baghdadi, Majid; Ramezani, Majid; Jamali, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.036

Cited by 102 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For its low cloud point temperature and high density, Triton X-114 was chosen as the extractant solvent, and phase separation was facilitated by centrifugation [22]. The effect of the concentration of surfactant was examined in our study and the result was shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of the Concentration Of Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of estrogens in water by HPLC–UV using cloud point extraction

Wang

Cai

et al. 2006

Talanta

133

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A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine four kinds of estrogens: estriol (E3), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and progesterone (P) in water by high performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extractant solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na 2 SO 4 , equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration factors of 99 for E3, 73 for E2, 152 for E1 and 86 for P were obtained for 10 mL water sample. The detection of limitation was 0.23 ng mL −1 for E3, 0.32 ng mL −1 for E2, 0.25 ng mL −1 for E1 and 5.0 ng mL −1 for P. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of estrogens in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent water and exposure water with 10 ng mL −1 E2 for toxicological study in our lab. For the case of WWTP effluent water samples, no estrogen was found. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested by recovery measurements of spiked samples and good recoveries of 81.2-99.5% were obtained.

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Section: Effect Of the Concentration Of Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of estrogens in water by HPLC–UV using cloud point extraction

Wang

Cai

et al. 2006

Talanta

133

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“…The most commonly used methods for determination of various metal ions are electroanalytical procedures 3) , atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) 4) , atomic emission spectrometry (AES) 5) and mass spectrometry (MS) 6) . However, these techniques have some disadvantages, such as complicated operation, high cost of maintenance, expensive apparatus and requiring well-controlled experiment conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Determination of Bismuth in Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction After Multivariate Optimization Based on Box-Behnken

Ниази

Habibi

Ramezani

2013

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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A new simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been applied to preconcentration trace levels of bismuth as a prior step to its determination by spectrophotometric detection. In the proposed method, dithizone was used as a chelating agent, and tetrachloride carbon and ethanol are selected as extraction and dispersive solvent. The optimization strategy is carried out by using two level full factorial designs. Results of the two level full factorial design (2 4 ) based on an analysis of variance demonstrated that the pH, concentration of dithizone, amount of dispersive and extraction solvents were statistically significant. Optimal condition for four variables: pH, concentration of dithizone, amount of dispersive and extraction solvents are obtained by using Box-Behnken design. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 5-300 ng mL -1 with detection limit of 1.6 ng mL -1 (3δ B /m) and the enrichment factor of this method for bismuth reached at 150. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) is 2.3% (n = 5, c = 50 ng mL -1 ). The method is successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of bismuth in water samples.

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“…19 Specific applications of CPE with Triton ® X-114 to determine traces of Bi-dithizonate in urine and human hair by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) have been reported. 18 The CPE with DDTP and Triton ® X-114 was applied to determine Cd in tobacco and water samples with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS) detection 10 and Cd, Pb and Pd in blood by ET AAS. 11 The same reagents were employed for the simultaneous determination of noble metals in urine by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) 12 and Ag, As, Au, Cd, Cu, Pb and Se in water samples using ultrasonic nebulization ICP-MS. 13 The micellar phases are very viscous, and commonly they require dilution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,20 The combination of electrothermal devices using appropriately programmed vaporization temperatures avoided matrix interferences in the atomic spectrometry detection of micellar phases. 11,12,18 The flow injection of small sample volumes (100 µL) by using an ultrasonic nebulizer with a dessolvation unit avoided the main drawbacks of introducing micelles dissolved in methanol into an ICP-MS. Seven trace elements were determined by ICP-MS in the transient signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 The same reagents were employed for the simultaneous determination of noble metals in urine by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) 12 and Ag, As, Au, Cd, Cu, Pb and Se in water samples using ultrasonic nebulization ICP-MS. 13 The micellar phases are very viscous, and commonly they require dilution. Methanol or ethanol plus nitric acid have been described to facilitate the introduction of micellar phases into F AAS, 10 ET AAS, 11 ETV-ICP-MS 12 and ICP-MS. 13 Tetrahydrofuran has been used for introduction into ETAAS, 18 or just water has been applied for dilution. 15,20 The combination of electrothermal devices using appropriately programmed vaporization temperatures avoided matrix interferences in the atomic spectrometry detection of micellar phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential cloud point extraction of trace elements from biological samples and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Giné¹,

Patreze²,

Silva³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A extração no ponto nuvem (CPE) foi realizada em duas etapas seqüenciais para a determinação de elementos traço em soro humano, sangue animal e dieta alimentar por espectrometria de massas com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado. A primeira CPE foi realizada adicionando dietil-ditiofosfato, Triton ® X-114 seguida de aquecimento a 40 °C, centrifugação e esfriamento a 0 °C. A fase rica em surfactante foi separada para determinar Cd, Pb e Cu pela técnica de quantificação por diluição isotópica. As medidas das razões isotópicas foram caracterizadas por RSD < 0.7%. O pH da solução empobrecida em surfactantante foi ajustado entre 4 e 5 antes da adição de 4-(2-pirilidazo)resorcinol, Triton ® X-114 e seguiram-se os procedimentos para atingir o ponto nuvem. Na segunda fase rica em surfactante extraída foram quantificados Co e Ni pelo método de adições de padrão com RSD < 2%. Recuperações entre 85 a 96% foram obtidas para todos os elementos. A exatidão foi aferida pela análise de materiais de referência com valores recomendados e certificados.A two-step sequential cloud point extraction (CPE) of trace elements from small sample volumes of human serum, animal blood, and food diet is proposed to gain analytical information in the analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The first CPE was attained by adding O,O-diethyldithiophosphate, the non ionic surfactant Triton ® X-114 followed by heating at 40 °C, centrifugation and cooling at 0 °C. The resulting surfactant-rich phase was separated to determine Cd, Pb and Cu by isotope dilution. Isotope ratio measurements presented RSD < 0.7%. The residual surfactant-poor phase solution had the pH adjusted in the range 4 to 5 before the chelating reagent, 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol plus surfactant Triton ® X-114 were added followed by the sequence to attain the CPE. Co and Ni were quantified in the second extracted surfactantrich phases by standard additions method with RSD < 2%. Recoveries from 85 to 96% were obtained for all elements. Analyzing reference materials with certified and recommended values assessed accuracy.Keywords: sequential cloud point extraction, CPE, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, isotope dilution, biological samples, trace elements IntroductionSurfactant mediated phase separation constitutes the basis for the approach known as cloud point extraction 1 which is a liquid-liquid extraction alternative to that of organic solvents. The main parameter to attain a surfactant monomer agglomeration in a micelle-rich phase is the surfactant concentration at the cloud point temperature. The temperature-concentration phase diagram is specific for each surfactant. 2 The effect of additives such as salts and other surfactants also has to be considered. 1,3 The first application of cloud point extraction for analytical purposes described the micelle aggregation of hydrophobic anionic metal complexes. 2 The ability of surfactant micelles to bind organic compounds separated by CPE was applied for pre-concentration of organic Sequential Cloud Poin...

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Determination of ultra trace amounts of bismuth in biological and water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) after cloud point extraction

Cited by 102 publications

References 50 publications

Determination of estrogens in water by HPLC–UV using cloud point extraction

Determination of estrogens in water by HPLC–UV using cloud point extraction

Spectrophotometric Determination of Bismuth in Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction After Multivariate Optimization Based on Box-Behnken

Sequential cloud point extraction of trace elements from biological samples and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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