Determination of Trace Metal (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb) Concentrations in Seawater Using Single Quadrupole ICP-MS: A Comparison between Offline and Online Preconcentration Setups

Samanta, Saumik; Cloete, Ryan; Loock, Jean; Rossouw, Riana; Roychoudhury, Alakendra N.

doi:10.3390/min11111289

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Dissolved iron (dFe) concentrations were measured using a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent 7900) connected to a seaFAST S3 inline preconcentration system (Elemental Scientific) ( 101 ). The detection limit was 0.02 nM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoplankton: The dominant vector for carbon export across the Atlantic Southern Ocean in spring

Flynn,

Haraguchi,

McQuaid

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Across the Southern Ocean, large (≥20 μm) diatoms are generally assumed to be the primary vector for carbon export, although this assumption derives mainly from summertime observations. Here, we investigated carbon production and export potential during the Atlantic Southern Ocean’s spring bloom from size-fractionated measurements of net primary production (NPP), nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea) and iron (labile inorganic iron, organically complexed iron) uptake, and a high-resolution characterization of phytoplankton community composition. The nanoplankton-sized (2.7 to 20 μm) diatom, Chaetoceros spp., dominated the biomass, NPP, and nitrate uptake across the basin (40°S to 56°S), which we attribute to their low iron requirement, rapid response to increased light, and ability to escape grazing when aggregated into chains. We estimate that the spring Chaetoceros bloom accounted for >25% of annual export production across the Atlantic Southern Ocean, a finding consistent with recent observations from other regions highlighting the central role of the phytoplankton “middle class” in carbon export.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoplankton: The dominant vector for carbon export across the Atlantic Southern Ocean in spring

Flynn,

Haraguchi,

McQuaid

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…A set of unfiltered samples was separately collected in 2015, considered as the total dissolvable fraction. Measurement of dissolved metals including dPb was performed using the established analytical setup in the TracEx laboratory, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa 62 . The analytical setup comprised a commercially available preconcentration unit (ESI® seaFAST S3) and a single quadrupole ICPMS (Agilent® Mass hunter 7900).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of Pb from Indian to Atlantic Ocean is driven by Agulhas current and atmospheric Pb input from South Africa

Samanta

Cloete

Dey

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Using a spatiotemporal dataset of dissolved lead (dPb) from the subtropical oceans surrounding South Africa, this study quantifies the exchange of dPb between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Despite the absence of a major Pb source within the South Atlantic sector and the complete phase-out of leaded petroleum in Southern Africa, the ecologically important southeast Cape Basin shows an elevated surface dPb concentration (21–30 pmol kg−1). We estimated up to 90% of the measured dPb in surface waters of the Cape Basin was delivered from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas Current (AC). Eddy dynamics and leakage at Agulhas retroflection result in an increased Pb flux from winter to summer, while a long-term (2008–2019) temporal change in dPb in the AC-derived water of Cape Basin was contemporaneous to a change in atmospheric Pb emissions from South Africa. The South African-origin atmospheric Pb, however, contributes first to the Agulhas waters in the West Indian Ocean, which is then transported to the South Atlantic, thereby regulating the dPb inventory of the Cape Basin. This indirect mechanism of Pb transfer emphasizes the importance of regulating Pb emissions from Southern Africa to protect rich fishing grounds associated with the Benguela marine ecosystem.

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“…All samples for dFe and TaLFe were acidified to pH 1.7-1.8 with ~3 M double quartz distilled HNO3 (UP HNO3). The acidified water samples were stored (> 1 year) until analysis at Stellenbosch University (TracEx, South Africa) as described in Samanta et al 60 using online pre-concentration methods. All samples were measured in duplicate.…”

Section: Seawater Collection and Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre

et al. 2023

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The Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of the eastern Weddell Gyre. Over its 2.5 months duration, the bloom accumulated up to 20 g C m−2 of organic matter, which is unusually high for Southern Ocean open waters. We show that, over 1997–2019, this open ocean bloom was likely driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of Warm Deep Water enriched in hydrothermal iron and, possibly, other iron sources. This recurring open ocean bloom likely facilitates enhanced carbon export and sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and baleen whales.

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Determination of Trace Metal (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb) Concentrations in Seawater Using Single Quadrupole ICP-MS: A Comparison between Offline and Online Preconcentration Setups

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Nanoplankton: The dominant vector for carbon export across the Atlantic Southern Ocean in spring

Nanoplankton: The dominant vector for carbon export across the Atlantic Southern Ocean in spring

Exchange of Pb from Indian to Atlantic Ocean is driven by Agulhas current and atmospheric Pb input from South Africa

Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre

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