Determination of trace level bromate in drinking water by direct injection ion chromatography

Jackson, Loretta; Joyce, R.; Laikhtman, Mark; Jackson, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00774-2

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Common detection techniques for IC include conductivity, electrochemical, UV/Vis, fluorescence and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. In recent years, MS has become a preferred detection technique due to the increasing demands for sensitivity, selectivity, and to obtain structural information 6–8. Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) is generally used to couple liquid chromatographic (LC, IC, CE, etc.)…”

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Optimizing mass spectrometric detection for ion chromatographic analysis. I. Common anions and selected organic acids

Wang¹,

Schnute²

2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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We describe a systematic method of optimizing mass spectrometric (MS) detection for ion chromatographic (IC) analysis of common anions and three selected organic acids using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was utilized in this study because it minimized the number of experiments required to achieve the optimum MS response and included the interactions between individual parameters for multivariable optimization. Five MS parameters, including probe temperature, nebulizer gas, assistant makeup flow, needle voltage and cone voltage, were screened and systematically optimized by two steps. Central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiment points and a quadratic model was applied to fit the experimental data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to evaluate the validity of the statistical model and to determine the most significant parameters for MS response. The optimum MS conditions for each analyte were summarized and the method optimum condition was achieved by applying desirability function. Our observation showed good agreements between statistically predicted optimum response and the responses collected at the predicted optimum condition. Operable range of each parameter (with normalized MS response greater than 0.8 for each analyte) was provided for general anionic IC/MS applications.

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confidence: 99%

Optimizing mass spectrometric detection for ion chromatographic analysis. I. Common anions and selected organic acids

Wang¹,

Schnute²

2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Therefore, WHO has also set qualitative target levels for dichloroacetic acid (50 lg l À1 ) and trichloroacetic acid (100 lg l À1 ) in finished drinking water (WHO, 1995). Generally, techniques such as ion chromatography (Weinberg, 1994;Jackson et al, 1998;Echigo et al, 2001), MS-based methods (Charles and Pepin, 1996;Magnuson, 1998;Creed and Brockhoff, 1999) could be used for the determination of bromate in drinking water. HAAs in drinking water could be detected with gas chromatography (Munch et al, 1995), capillary electrophoresis (Martinez et al, 1999), ion chromatography (Nair et al, 1994;Lopez-Avila et al, 1999) and MSbased techniques (Ells et al, 1999;Roehl et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of bromate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in bottled drinking water with chromatographic methods

Liu

Mou

2004

Chemosphere

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Disinfection by-products of interest such as bromate, chlorate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in 10 representative brands of bottled drinking water were investigated with ion chromatography. With the developed method, the detection limits of the disinfection by-products were in sub-lg l À1 level. It was observed that bromate, chlorate and dichloroacetic acid could be detected in some water samples. In the bottled natural water, the concentrations for the three compounds were 0.1, 0.9 and 0.6 lg l À1 , respectively. The total concentration of disinfection by-products in the natural water sample was the highest among all the bottled drinking waters. The concentrations for the sum of disinfection by-products in the four types of bottled drinking water investigated were natural water > mineral water > spring water > purified water. The generation of disinfection by-products was much influenced by the original components and process procedure of the source water. The concentrations of bromate and chlorate in the bottled water samples hardly degraded with the increasing storage time. For dichloroacetic acid, with the prolonging of storage time, the concentration was much decreased.

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“…At present, mainly ion chromatography (IC) is employed to the determination of bromate in drinking waters. Although IC combined with mass spectrometry [6] and inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry [3,7] provides very impressive bromate detectabilities, the use of IC with suppressed conductivity [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and/or postcolumn reaction detections [2][3][4]13] seems to dominate in practice. When bromate is accompanied in drinking water samples by anionic macroconstituents at high concentrations, some IC methods may require the use of precolumn sample pretreatment [3,6,9,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of bromate in drinking water by zone electrophoresis-isotachophoresis on a column-coupling chip with conductivity detection

et al. 2002

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The use of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) on-line coupled with isotachophoresis (ITP) sample pretreatment (ITP-CZE) on a poly(methylmethacrylate) chip, provided with two separation channels in the column-coupling (CC) arrangement and on-column conductivity detection sensors, to the determination of bromate in drinking water was investigated. Hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flows of the solution in the separation compartment of the chip were suppressed and electrophoresis was a dominant transport process in the ITP-CZE separations. A high sample load capacity, linked with the use of ITP in this combination, made possible loading of the samples by a 9.2 microL sample injection channel of the chip. In addition, bromate was concentrated by a factor of 10(3) or more in the ITP stage of the separation and, therefore, its transfer to the CZE stage characterized negligible injection dispersion. This, along with a favorable electric conductivity of the carrier electrolyte solution, contributed to a 20 nmol/L (2.5 ppb) limit of detection for bromate in the CZE stage. Sample cleanup, integrated into the ITP stage, effectively complemented such a detection sensitivity and bromate could be quantified in drinking water matrices when its concentration was 80 nmol/L (10 ppb) or slightly less while the concentrations of anionic macroconstituent (chloride, sulfate, nitrate) in the loaded sample corresponding to a 2 mmol/L (70 ppm) concentration of chloride were still tolerable. The samples containing macroconstituents at higher concentrations required appropriate dilutions and, consequently, bromate in these samples could be directly determined only at proportionally higher concentrations.

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Determination of trace level bromate in drinking water by direct injection ion chromatography

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Optimizing mass spectrometric detection for ion chromatographic analysis. I. Common anions and selected organic acids

Optimizing mass spectrometric detection for ion chromatographic analysis. I. Common anions and selected organic acids

Determination of bromate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in bottled drinking water with chromatographic methods

Determination of bromate in drinking water by zone electrophoresis-isotachophoresis on a column-coupling chip with conductivity detection

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