Determination of trace cadmium in zinc concentrate by liquid cathode glow discharge with a modified sampling system and addition of chemical modifiers for improved sensitivity

Simplified and rapid determination of Ca, K, Mg, and Na in fruit juices by flowing liquid cathode atmospheric glow discharge optical emission spectrometry

“…Usually, as the sample flow rate is growing, the response from the analytes is found to either increase or decrease up to a certain limit and increase afterward. 39,45,55,56 However, a decreasing tendency of the response from the analytes over the whole range of the sample flow rates was noted as well. 35,57 Herein, the SBR values generally declined for all analytes with the increasing sample flow rate, regardless of the discharge current applied.…”

Critical evaluation of SCGD-OES analytical performance in the presence of NaCl

“…It is remarkable that the Ag emission signal remained stable even at NaCl concentrations above 0.35 g L −1 , in agreement with previous studies. 35,42 Moreover, the evolution of each analyte background emission with varying NaCl concentrations is plotted in Fig. S1 †.…”

“…Triton X-100 or Triton X-705), are known to improve the analyte signal of SCGD-OES. [32][33][34][35][36] Although the mechanisms of how additives affect analyte signals and backgrounds are not totally clear, some studies proposed that the presence of LMW organic compounds lead to the production of carbon-containing radicals that, combined with analytes, further improve their transport from the solution to the plasma. 26,33 Additionally, the presence of these additives can alter the efficiency of other analyte solution-to-plasma transfer mechanisms, including cathodic sputtering and droplet ejection.…”

Methanol-Enhanced Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation of Hg, Cd, and Zn: The Possible Mechanism and Its Application

“…According to previous works, − the addition of various low molecular weight (LMW) organic substances (formic acid, methanol, ethanol, and other organic compounds) is one of the most efficient strategies to improve the analytical performance of LED-OES and has been successfully used for the sensitive determination of Hg, Cd, Bi, Ga, In, etc. However, the exact and detailed mechanism for these improvements is unclear, and it is speculated that the LMW organic substances can not only promote the efficiency of analyte transport from the liquid phase to the plasma phase by forming volatile species but also presumably improve the atomization/excitation conditions of microplasma.…”

“…Recently, Zhu et al reported that hydrogen for μPIVG could be obtained via solution anode glow discharge microplasma electrochemical processes . Formic acid greatly improved the μPIVG efficiencies of Hg, Pb, Se, Ag, Sb, and Bi; however, the μPIVG of Cd and Zn was suppressed in the presence of formic acid. ,, Despite the great interest and progress in μPIVG, the development of enhancement methods for μPIVG is far insufficient compared to that for microplasma optical emission spectrometry (OES). ,,− On the other hand, the enhancement mechanisms for these methods have not been exactly clarified and limited to some rough speculations, whereas it is urgent to gain insight into the reaction mechanism of μPIVG for improving the scope of its application.…”