Determination of Trace Amounts of Gallium by Tungsten Metal Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration on Activated Carbon Impregnated with 8-Quinolinol

Uzawa, Atsushi; Minamisawa, Hiroaki; Okutani, Takashi

doi:10.2116/analsci.16.1085

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A reagent impregnated ACs were prepared. Ox impregnated AC was used for adsorption of gallium in river water and spring water [19] and 2,4,6-tri-2-pyridyl-l,3,5-triazine impregnated AC was used for ruthenium in river water, seawater, and waste water [20]. 1,2-cyclohexanediondioxme impregnated AC was used to extract cobalt and nickel in a sample solution of digested sediments, however, a simultaneous extraction of nickel and cobalt was not attained [21].…”

Section: Suspension or Slurry Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Solid-phase Extraction with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Elements

Nukatsuka

Ohzeki

2006

Int. J. Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour

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An enrichment step in a sample treatment is essential for trace analysis to improve the sensitivity and to eliminate the matrix of the sample. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the widely used enrichment technique. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is a well-established determination technique for trace elements. The integration of SPE with ETAAS leads to further improvement of sensitivity, an automation of the measurement and the economy in the sample size, amounts of the reagents and time for the sample pretreatment. The integration is achieved by introducing the solid phase used for the enrichment directly into ETAAS for a batch method, or on-line coupling of a SPE column with ETAAS. Fine particles of various materials, including an activated carbon, an ion-exchange resin, a cellulose nitrate resin and biomass materials were used as adsorbents for batch method. A membrane filter was also used. A simultaneous multi-elements extraction and a speciation analysis were accomplished. A microcolumn packed with resin beads or an open tubular column such as a PTFE tube or a silica capillary tube having the chemically modified inner wall were used for the on-line coupling.

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Section: Suspension or Slurry Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Solid-phase Extraction with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Elements

Nukatsuka

Ohzeki

2006

Int. J. Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour

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“…The determination of ultra trace concentrations of gallium in chemicals used for the semiconductor industry becomes more and more important. [1][2][3] Also for environmental studies, the determination of gallium in semiconductor is very important because of the gallium arsenide used in semiconductor industry. [3,4] Gallium is widely distributed in the nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the concentration of gallium in the soil is in the range of 20-200 mg/g. [5] The determinations of gallium at trace levels have been performed by using various instrumental methods including spectrophotometry, [3] neutron activation analysis, [6] voltammetry, [7][8][9] chronopotentiometry, [10] atomic absorption spectrometry, [1,2,5] inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, [11] inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [12] and etc. In trace analysis of gallium by using atomic spectroscopic techniques, the preconcentration or separation of analytes from the matrix is frequently a necessity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods and materials are recommended for the preconcentration and separation of gallium(III) and other heavy metal ions such as ion exchange, [13,14] solvent extraction, [14,15] electrodeposition, [8,9] solid phase extraction, [11,12,[16][17][18][19] and membrane filtration [2,20] are the most useful ways to concentrate trace elements, or to separate analytes from a sample matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separation and Enrichment of Gallium(III) as 4-(2-Thiazolylazo) Resorcinol (TAR) Complex by Solid Phase Extraction on Amberlite XAD-4 Adsorption Resin

2003

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A rapid, sensitive, and facile method for enrichment and separation of trace amounts of gallium was established by using mini column filled Amberlite XAD-4. Gallium(III) as a 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) complex is sorbed on the Amberlite XAD-4 resin and is easily eluted by using 1 M nitric acid in acetone. The determinations of gallium were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The influences of the analytical parameters including amounts of reagents, pH of the solutions, and type of eluent were also investigated. The influences of several ions, as interferents, were discussed. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by recovery on spiked samples. The presented procedure was applied to the determination of gallium in reference standard sediment material (GBW 07309) and water samples with satisfactory results (recovery 95%; relative error 3%; relative standard deviation 10%).

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“…ETAAS is an effective analytical method for the determination of trace amounts of gallium. Further, solvent extraction, 19 adsorption, 20 ion exchange, 21 membrane, 22 and coprecipitation, 23 have been used to preconcentrate gallium prior to ETAAS analysis in order to improve the detection limit. However, there have been no reports on the use of a synthetic zeolite as a coprecipitant for gallium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preconcentration of Gallium by Coprecipitation with Synthetic Zeolites Prior to Determination by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Minamisawa

Iizima

Minamisawa³

et al. 2004

ANAL. SCI.

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Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) has been widely used for trace metal ions analysis. The variable preconcentration methods, such as flotation, solvent extraction, solid phase extraction (SFE) and ion exchange, were generally associated with ETAAS in order to improve the detection limit and separate the target metal ions from the matrix.Coprecipitation is one of the more effective preconcentration method for trace metal ions in water samples, and several coprecipitants, such as hydroxides of indium, 1 hafnium, 2,3 iron, nickel-8-quinolinol/1-nitroso-2-naphthol, 16 and chitosan, 17 have been reported. Similarly, SFE is also an effective preconcentration method, and several adsorbents, such as ion-exchange resin, chelating resin and activated carbon, have been used. Synthetic zeolites are extensively used in adsorption, ion-exchange and separation processes, due to their unique structural properties. Moreover, synthetic zeolites have been employed as useful catalysts and detergent builders and for purification processes, such as air decontamination and gas sweetening. On the other hand, synthetic zeolites are dissolved in some acids, such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, because the synthetic zeolite structure is composed of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. Nevertheless, concerning synthetic zeolites as useful materials, there have been few reports for on application of synthetic zeolites as preconcentrating trace metal ions. 18When an acid solution containing dissolved synthetic zeolite was added to water samples containing trace metal ions and the pH of the sample solution was neutralized, alumino-silicate amorphous precipitates were formed and metal ions were concentrated from the sample solution into these precipitates.Although gallium is important for use in the semiconductor industry, gallium particles and gallium compounds, such as gallium arsenide, have been identified as potential health hazards. Therefore, from an environmental standpoint, the need for sensitive and reliable methods for determining trace concentrations of gallium has become apparent in various fields. ETAAS is an effective analytical method for the determination of trace amounts of gallium. Further, solvent extraction, 19 adsorption, 20 ion exchange, 21 membrane, 22 and coprecipitation, 23 have been used to preconcentrate gallium prior to ETAAS analysis in order to improve the detection limit. However, there have been no reports on the use of a synthetic zeolite as a coprecipitant for gallium. This paper describes the fundamental conditions for the coprecipitation of gallium using a synthetic zeolite and for the ETAAS analysis of trace gallium in water samples. Higashikasai, Edogawa, Japan Synthetic zeolites were dissolved in nitric acid, and the resulting solution used as a coprecipitant for the preconcentration of trace amounts of gallium in water samples prior to determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The gallium preconcentration conditions and the ETAAS m...

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Determination of Trace Amounts of Gallium by Tungsten Metal Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration on Activated Carbon Impregnated with 8-Quinolinol

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Integration of Solid-phase Extraction with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Elements

Integration of Solid-phase Extraction with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Elements

Separation and Enrichment of Gallium(III) as 4-(2-Thiazolylazo) Resorcinol (TAR) Complex by Solid Phase Extraction on Amberlite XAD-4 Adsorption Resin

Preconcentration of Gallium by Coprecipitation with Synthetic Zeolites Prior to Determination by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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