Determination of Total Fumonisins in Corn by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Collaborative Study

Abstract

Fumonisins—mycotoxins produced by some Fusarium species—have been shown to be the causative agent of diseases in horses and other domesticated animals as well as possible carcinogens in humans. A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) for the determination of total fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) in corn. The test portion was extracted with methanol–water (7 + 3), filtered, diluted, and tested on the CD-ELISA. Naturally and artificially contaminated corn test portions were sent to 13 collaborators in the United States. Naturally contaminated field test portions were prepared at 3 different levels. Artificially contaminated test portions were spiked at 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg total fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3). Average recoveries of total fumonisins were 120, 100, and 90%, respectively. The relative standard deviations for repeatability ranged from 13.3 to 23.3% and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility ranged from 15.8 to 30.3% across all levels tested. HORRAT values, calculated for each individual sample, ranged from 1.24 to 1.94. This method demonstrated acceptable intra- and interlaboratory precision at the levels tested.

Effects of elevated [CO2] on maize defence against mycotoxigenic Fusarium verticillioides

“…The kit uses a direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to determine the total fumonisins (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ) between the quantization rage of 1 and 6 µg g −1 (Bird et al . ). As described earlier, the maize cobs and stalks were inculcated with F. verticillioides , the pathogen was allowed to establish for 7 d, and tissues were collected for analysis.…”

“…The Veratox fumonisin kit (Neogen, Lansing, MI, USA) was used to quantify fumonisin contamination caused by F. verticillioides in maize tissues grown at 1 × [CO2] or 2 × [CO2]. The kit uses a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the total fumonisins (B1, B2, B3) between the quantization rage of 1 and 6 µg g −1 (Bird et al 2002). As described earlier, the maize cobs and stalks were inculcated with F. verticillioides, the pathogen was allowed to establish for 7 d, and tissues were collected for analysis.…”

Interactive Effects of Elevated [CO2] and Drought on the Maize Phytochemical Defense Response against Mycotoxigenic Fusarium verticillioides

“…The Veratox fumonisin kit (Neogen, Lansing, MI, USA) and Veratox 3.0 for windows software was used to quantify the amount of fumonisin produced by Fv in maize stem tissue experiencing the abiotic stress treatments. The kit uses a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the total fumonisins (B1, B2, B3) between the quantization rage of 1 and 6 μg g −1 and has been verified various grains including corn [ 32 ]. However, an additional validation was performed for maize stalk tissue by artificially contaminating samples with known quantities of fumonisins B1.…”

Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent assays as innovative prospects for mycotoxin determination in food and feed

“…Research was initially performed on experimental matrices, such as mycotoxin standards, urine or blood serum samples, or extracts from pure mould cultures. Later on, ELISA techniques were adapted for mycotoxin determination (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Many commercial kits are now available, such as Ridascreen kits for aflatoxin, fumonisins, DON and zearalenone (R Biopharm Ltd), Aflatox Cup (International Diagnostic System) and Aflatoxin B 1 test (Cite Probe).…”