Determination of total chlorine and bromine in solid wastes by sintering and inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry

Österlund, Heléne; Rodushkin, Ilia; Ylinenjärvi, K; Baxter, Douglas C.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.017

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…This compares with the value of 20 mg/kg reported by Österlund et al 31 who utilized such a sintering technique but applied an additional cation-exchange cleanup of the matrix prior to analysis by solution nebulization coupled with sector field ICP-MS. In the case of the groundwater sample, a LOD of 0.12 ng/mL is achieved.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Bromide salts were dried at 105°C in an air convection oven for 2 h prior to gravimetric preparation of their 1000 mg/mL stock solutions in DIW. Working spikes were prepared by serial dilution in DIW.A sintering agent was prepared from NaCO 3 and ZnO according to the directions of Österlund et al 31 Nominal 0.3 g subsamples of SRM 1568b Rice Flour and SRM 1632 bituminous coal (Gaithersburg, MD) were prepared in precleaned porcelain boats and sintered in a muffle furnace for 2 h at 560°C following the procedure of Österlund et al 31 The cooled residue was transferred to a clean screw-capped polypropylene bottle and dissolved in 20−40 mL DIW. Excess salt was allowed to precipitate by standing overnight at room temperature before a subsample of the supernatant was further diluted with a 2% solution of acetic acid for analysis by standard additions using PVG sample introduction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Bromine by ICP-oa-ToF-MS Following Photochemical Vapor Generation

Sturgeon

2015

Anal. Chem.

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/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=21275830&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=21275830&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1021/ac504747aAnalytical Chemistry, 87, 5, pp. 3072-3079, 2015-02-04 Detection of Bromine by ICP-oa-ToF-MS Following Photochemical Vapor Generation Ralph E. Sturgeon* National Research Council of Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada ABSTRACT: A unique flow-through photochemical reactor is utilized for the generation of volatile methyl bromide from aqueous solutions of bromide and bromate ions in a medium of 2% acetic acid containing 3000 μg/mL NH 4 Cl. The volatile product is transported to a thin-film gas−liquid phase separator and directed to an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) tine-offlight mass spectrometer for detection and quantitation using either of the 79 Br or 81 Br isotopes. Utilizing a sample flow rate of 3.3 mL/min and a 13 s irradiation time, a detection limit of 0.14 ng/mL is achieved, yielding a 17-fold enhancement over conventional solution nebulization. The estimated generation efficiency of 95% provides for a significant increase in analyte transport efficiency to the ICP. Precision of replicate measurement is 2.5% (RSD) at 20 ng/mL. The methodology was validated by successful determination of bromine in reference materials, including IRMM (BCR-611) low level bromide in groundwater, NIST SRM 1568b Rice Flour, and SRM 1632 bituminous coal.O nly recently has bromine been identified as an essential trace element, important for the development of collagen in mammals. 1 Current major interest in this element arises from its widespread usage in industrial materials, including fire retardants, agricultural pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Treatment of groundwater by ozonolysis 2 to ensure potability raises concerns over production of bromate disinfection byproducts which...

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Bromine by ICP-oa-ToF-MS Following Photochemical Vapor Generation

Sturgeon

2015

Anal. Chem.

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“…Because analytical performance is similar between low and high resolution, for simplicity, low resolution was used for the final quantitation of chlorine. By sintering the two reference materials, all forms of chlorine were converted to HCl(g) and quantitatively trapped by Na 2 CO 3 in the sintering agent, 14 and thus were present as chloride in the prepared sample solutions: (1)…”

Section: Influence Of Transition Metals and Hno 3 On The Pvg Of CL Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Ion Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation of Chlorine for Its Sensitive Determination by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Sturgeon

Nadeau

et al. 2018

Anal. Chem.

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A novel, reliable, and sensitive approach for the determination of chlorine by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) using photochemical vapor generation for sample introduction is presented. Methyl chloride is generated from different chlorine species in a flow-through photochemical reactor using a 1% solution of acetic acid containing 7.5 μg g of Cu. The volatile product is directed by an argon carrier gas to a gas-liquid separator and introduced into the instrument. A sample flow rate at 1.7 mL min and a 45 s irradiation time provided a 74-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared to conventional nebulization. A blank-limited detection limit of 0.5 ng g for chloride, suitable for quantitation at trace levels, was achieved. The proposed method was validated by analysis of two certified reference materials, NIST SRM 1568b rice flour and SRM 1571 orchard leaves, with satisfactory results, as well as three varieties of bottled water, achieving spike recoveries between 101% and 105%.

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“…Chloride ions can be determined with classical methods, such as gravimetric, volumetric or colorimetric procedures. Nowadays, chlorine is usually determined using instrumental techniques, such as instrumental neutron activation analysis [1], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry [3,4], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [5,6], X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [7], and molecular fluorescence spectrometry [8]. However, some sample pretreatment is normally required for most of these techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Pereira

Welz

Lopéz

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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A new method has been developed for the determination of chlorine in biological reference materials using highresolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) of the strontium mono-chloride (SrCl) molecule and direct solid sample analysis. The use of the SrCl molecule for high-temperature MAS was not described up to now in the literature. Preliminary time-dependent density functional theory calculations of the SrCl structure were carried out in order to obtain reasonable estimates of the absorption spectrum of the target molecule. The calculations, which were carried out at BHandHLyp/def2-QZVP level of theory, proved a very accurate and inexpensive way to get information about the spectrum of the SrCl molecule, which enabled us to perform the Cl determination with good sensitivity and specificity. The molecular absorption of the SrCl molecule has been measured using the wavelength at 635.862 nm, and zirconium and palladium have been evaluated as the chemical modifiers in order to increase the sensitivity of the gaseous SrCl molecule generated in the graphite furnace. The pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were 600°C and 2300°C, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the method have been evaluated using biological certified reference materials of both animal and plant origins, showing good agreement with the informed and certified values. Limit of detection and characteristic mass were 1.0 and 2.2 ng, respectively. The results found using HR-CS GF MAS were in agreement (95% confidence level) compared to those obtained by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

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Determination of total chlorine and bromine in solid wastes by sintering and inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Detection of Bromine by ICP-oa-ToF-MS Following Photochemical Vapor Generation

Detection of Bromine by ICP-oa-ToF-MS Following Photochemical Vapor Generation

Copper Ion Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation of Chlorine for Its Sensitive Determination by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

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