Determination of Total Carbon in Soils

Winters, Eric; Smith, Roger S.

doi:10.1021/ac50068a011

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The Leco CHN-800 (Leco Corp., St. Joseph, MI) was used to determine SOC (Tabatabai and Bremner, 1991) in the 1992 continuous corn-fertility study. Previous total C determinations used a dry combustion technique (Salter, 1916;Winters and Smith, 1929). The Leco and dry combustion methods used the same temperature of combustion and a stream of O 2 .…”

Section: Continuous Corn Fertility Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Leco and dry combustion methods used the same temperature of combustion and a stream of O 2 . Winters and Smith (1929) used 1 to 2 g, an oxidizing agent with the soil, and a 10-min combustion time, whereas the Leco method used 0.15-to 0.35-g samples and a 4-min combustion time. Comparisons of combustion methods revealed good agreement in reported C values (r 2 = 0.999) (Soon and Abboud, 1991;Yeomans and Bremner, 1991).…”

Section: Continuous Corn Fertility Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cropping System and Nitrogen Effects on Mollisol Organic Carbon

Robinson

Cruse

Ghaffarzadeh

1996

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Time, fertilizer, tillage, and cropping systems may alter soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. Our objective was to determine the effect of long-term cropping systems and fertility treatments on SOC. Five rotations and two N fertility levels at three Iowa sites (Kanawha, Nashua, and Sutherland) maintained for 12 to 36 yr were evaluated. A 75-yr continuous corn (Zea mays L.) site (Ames) with a 40-yr N-P-K rate study also was evaluated. Soils were Typic and Aquic Hapludolls and Typic Haplaquolls. Four-year rotations consisting of corn, oat (Avena saliva L.), and meadow (alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.], or alfalfa and red clover [Trifolium pratense L.]) had the highest SOC (Kanawha, 32.1 g/kg; Nashua, 21.9 g/kg; Sutherland, 27.9 g/kg). Corn silage treatments (Nashua, < 18.9 g/kg; Sutherland, <23.2 g/kg) and no-fertilizer treatments (Kanawha, 25.3 g/kg; Nashua, <20.9 g/kg; Sutherland, <23.5 g/kg) had the lowest SOC. A corn-oat-meadowmeadow rotation maintained initial SOC (27.9 g/kg) after 34 yr at Sutherland. Continuous corn resulted in loss of 30% of SOC during 35 yr of manure and lime treatments. SOC increased 22% when N-P-K treatments were imposed. Fertilizer N, initial SOC levels, and previous management affected current SOC levels. Residue additions were linearly related to SOC (Ames, r 2 = 0.40; Nashua, r 2 = 0.82; Sutherland, r 2 = 0.89). All systems had 22 to 49% less SOC than adjacent fence rows. Changing cropping systems to those that conserve SOC could sequester as much as 30% of C released since cropping began, thereby increasing SOC. T HE ATMOSPHERIC CC>2 CONCENTRATION has gained much attention for its potential contribution to global warming. Agriculture affects atmospheric COz concentrations through consumption of fossil fuels, clearing of forested lands for food production (U.S. Congress, 1991; Wallace et al., 1990), and alteration of SOC levels by agricultural management practices. Agricultural fuel consumption and N fertilizer production release 35.4 Tg C yr~' into the atmosphere. Based on current production practices, the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (1992) estimates another 2.7 Tg C yr~' are released into the atmosphere from cultivated soils in the USA alone. Changes in SOC can be attributed to crop species grown, cropping systems (including rotations), residue management practices, fertilizer applications, tillage practices, and other management factors (Havlin et al., 1990; Unger, 1968). Anderson et al. (1990), Bauer and Black (1981), and Havlin et al. (1990) independently showed that SOC losses were directly related to tillage intensity. Manure applications modified the tillage-SOC relation, increasing SOC even with high-intensity conventional tillage (Anderson et al., 1990). Crop rotations may retard SOC losses relative to those observed in

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Section: Continuous Corn Fertility Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Continuous Corn Fertility Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping System and Nitrogen Effects on Mollisol Organic Carbon

Robinson

Cruse

Ghaffarzadeh

1996

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…Total C in the soil was measured by combusting 5 g soil in a resistance furnace in the presence of pure oxygen at a temperature exceeding 500 o C for six hours. Later the oven temperature was decreased and samples were collected and weighed to find the weight loss (Winters Jr and Smith, 1929).…”

Section: Measurement Of Inorganic Phosphate and Carbon Contents Of Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative growth analysis of cumin plants (Cuminum cyminum L.) treated with glycerol and talc based phosphate solubilizing bacterial consortia

Yadav

Yadav²

2022

JANS

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Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a versatile annual herb cultivated in the Middle East, India, China, and Tunisia. The seeds of this plant are primarily used in cooking as common food additives and traditional medicines to treat hypolipidemia, cancer and diabetes. However, cumin plants have poor germination and weak establishment rate, particularly under drought stress. The present study aimed to examine the growth promotion potential of cumin plants treated with talc and glycerol-based phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) consortia. Four efficient PSB were isolated from the rhizosphere of Calotropis procera and Solanum lycopersicum and identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as Pseudomonas nitritireducens MF351819, Klebsiella pneumoniae MF351845, Erwinia sp. MF351846 and Pantoea dispersa MF351847. In a nursery experiment on cumin (Cuminum cyminum) plants, 15 treatments of single, dual, triple and quadruple combinations of four PSB isolates were formulated on glycerol and talcum powder-based bacteriological carriers. The 100-day pot experiment was initiated during the winter of 2016 (the last week of October) containing loamy sand soil of Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat. The formulations were applied to pot soil containing seven-day-old cumin seedlings. With glycerol-based PSB inoculations, the P14 treatment containing a consortium of K. pneumoniae MF351845, Erwinia sp. MF351846, and P. dispersa MF351847 provided the highest per plant seed yield of 0.19 g. With talc-based PSB inoculations, the P11 treatment containing a consortium of K. pneumoniae MF351845, Erwinia sp. MF351846, and P. nitritireducens MF351919 produced the highest per-plant cumin seed yield of 0.42 g. Overall, talc-based PSB consortial treatments improved height, dry weight, 100 seed weight and yield of the cumin plant.

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“…The search for the pretreatment desired was concentrated on the methods used for organic carbon determinations in soil since complete removal of carbon in the soil, which is the objective of these methods, should also result in removal of much, if not all, of the organic nitro gen in the soil. Dry combustion methods such as that described by Winters and Smith (1929) are considered the standard methods for de termining carbon in soils and are considered the most accurate methods for this determination. The soil is heated to about 900°C to remove carbon in dry combustion methods, and this should also be very effective in removing organic nitrogen.…”

Section: Section V Evaluation Of Pretreatments Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of fixed ammonium in soils

Silva

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Determination of Total Carbon in Soils

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Cropping System and Nitrogen Effects on Mollisol Organic Carbon

Cropping System and Nitrogen Effects on Mollisol Organic Carbon

Comparative growth analysis of cumin plants (Cuminum cyminum L.) treated with glycerol and talc based phosphate solubilizing bacterial consortia

Determination of fixed ammonium in soils

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