Cropping System and Nitrogen Effects on Mollisol Organic Carbon

Robinson, Clay; Cruse, Richard M.; Ghaffarzadeh, Mohammad

doi:10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010040x

Cited by 91 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…This trend held in sampling years 1981 and 2001 when differences were statistically signifi cant. Similar results were found in Iowa (Robinson et al, 1996) and in Hungary (Krisztián and Holló, 1995) where NPK treatments increased SOM content compared with no fertiliser application. The impact of manure application on SOM content was established by comparing mean values of manure + BR with the control (no soil amendment + BR) treatment.…”

Section: The Impact Of Soil Amendments On Soil Organic Matter Contentsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…FLM that included a four year lucerne stand, even though top growth was removed, produced signifi cantly greater SOM content in fi ve out of six FBM treatments (Table 2 column c vs. a and b). Similar results were observed in Iowa (Robinson et al, 1996;Russell et al, 2005) and in Hungary (Tóth and Kismányoky, 2001;Krisztián and Holló, 1995) where cropping systems with lucerne proved to be viable management options for increasing SOM content. The treatment that included BI and NPK application showed no differences in SOM content between annual fertilisation application (2.88 per cent SOM) and lucerne stand (2.94 per cent SOM).…”

Section: Fertiliser and Lucerne (Flm) Managementsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Similar results were observed in the Morrow Plots in Illinois where crop rotation Within rows, values followed by the same letter are not signifi cantly different using LS Mean test; P < 0.05; BR: biomass removed; BI: biomass incorporated; *: a sequence (four year period) with annual fertiliser application followed by a sequence with no soil amendments; **: annual fertiliser application; ***: a sequence (four year period) of continuous fertiliser application followed by a sequence of lucerne stand Source: own data retarded the decline in SOC (Odell et al, 1984), in Nebraska where after eight years rotation signifi cantly increased SOC across all cropping systems (Varvel, 2006) and in Hungary where crop rotation increased SOM content compared to monoculture maize (Tóth and Kismányoky, 2001). Robinson et al (1996) found that maize monoculture was the most detrimental to SOC in different soil management systems in Iowa.…”

Section: Crop Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that SOM content is directly related to the amount of residue applied to the soil (Rasmussen et al, 1980;Robinson et al, 1996;Dalzell et al, 2013;Kludze et al, 2013). Barber (1979) showed that above ground biomass removal (BR) negatively affects SOM levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil and crop management and biomass removal effects on soil organic matter content in Hungary

Eleki¹,

Cruse²,

Rogovska³

et al. 2014

stagec

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Section: The Impact Of Soil Amendments On Soil Organic Matter Contentsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Fertiliser and Lucerne (Flm) Managementsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Crop Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil and crop management and biomass removal effects on soil organic matter content in Hungary

Eleki¹,

Cruse²,

Rogovska³

et al. 2014

stagec

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“…Nashua soils were Kenyon (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic superactive Typic Hapludolls) and Readlyn (fine-loamy, mixed superactive mesic Aquic Hapludolls) loams formed in reworked till sediment, with mean particle-size distributions of 319, 456, and 224 g kg 21 sand, silt, clay, respectively. Kanawha soil was a Webster clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed superactive mesic Typic Endoaquolls) formed in till-derived sediments, with mean particle-size distributions of 219, 449, and 332 g kg 21 sand, silt, clay, respectively (Robinson et al, 1996). The Nashua site is 120 km east of Kanawha.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization and Cropping System Impacts on Soil Quality in Midwestern Mollisols

Russell

Laird²,

Mallarino

2006

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

100

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High grain production of corn (Zea mays L.) can be maintained by adding inorganic N fertilizer, and also by using crop rotations that include alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but the relative impact of these management practices on soil quality is uncertain. We examined the effects on soil of N fertilization rate (0, 90, 180, 270 kg ha −1 , corn phase only) in four cropping systems: CC, continuous corn; CS, corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; CCOA, corn-corn-oat (Avena sativa L.)-alfalfa; and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa (COAA). The 23-and 48-yr-old experimental sites, situated in northeast (Nashua) and north central (Kanawha) Iowa, were in a replicated split-plot design and managed with conventional tillage. At Nashua, we measured available N, potential net N mineralization and microbial biomass C (MBC) throughout the growing season; all were significantly higher in the CCOA system. At both sites, post-harvest N stocks, and soil organic C (SOC) concentrations were significantly higher in systems containing alfalfa. Grain yield was most strongly correlated with soil N properties. At Nashua, N fertilizer additions resulted in significantly lower soil pH (0-to 15-cm depth) and lower exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the CC and CCOA systems. In an undisturbed prairie reference site for Nashua, low available N, low pH, and high CEC suggested a strong influence of the vegetation on nutrient cycling. In terms of management of soil fertility, inclusion of alfalfa in the rotation differed fundamentally from addition of N fertilizer because high yield was maintained with fewer adverse effects on soil quality. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. ABSTRACTHigh grain production of corn (Zea mays L.) can be maintained by adding inorganic N fertilizer, and also by using crop rotations that include alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but the relative impact of these management practices on soil quality is uncertain. We examined the effects on soil of N fertilization rate (0, 90, 180, 270 kg ha 21 , corn phase only) in four cropping systems: CC, continuous corn; CS, corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; CCOA, corn-corn-oat (Avena sativa L.)-alfalfa; and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa (COAA). The 23-and 48-yr-old experimental sites, situated in northeast (Nashua) and north central (Kanawha) Iowa, were in a replicated split-plot design and managed with conventional tillage. At Nashua, we measured available N, potential net N mineralization and microbial biomass C (MBC) throughout the growing season; all were significantly higher in the CCOA system. At both sites, post-harvest N stocks, and soil organic C (SOC) concentrations were significantly higher in systems containing alfalfa. Grain yield was most strongly correlated with soil N properties. At Nashua, N fertilizer additions resulted in significantly lower soil pH (0-to 15-cm depth) and lower exchangeable Ca, Mg, an...

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Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle

King

Blesh

2017

Ecological Applications

156

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Abstract. More diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain-based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg NÁha ). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain-only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain-only rotations into two sub-categories: cereal-only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain-only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain-only rotations, cereal + legume grain rotations decreased total C input (À16%), root C input (À12%), and SOC (À5.3%) relative to cereal-only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain-only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain-only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (≤75 kg NÁha ), the decrease in SOC with cereal + legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the "perenniality" of crop rotations.

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Cropping System and Nitrogen Effects on Mollisol Organic Carbon

Cited by 91 publications

References 6 publications

Soil and crop management and biomass removal effects on soil organic matter content in Hungary

Soil and crop management and biomass removal effects on soil organic matter content in Hungary

Nitrogen Fertilization and Cropping System Impacts on Soil Quality in Midwestern Mollisols

Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle

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