Determination of total and available fractions of PAHs by SPME in oily wastewaters: overcoming interference from NAPL and NOM

Gomes, R. B. A.; Nogueira, R.; Oliveira, J. M.; Peixoto, João Emílio; Brito, A. G.

doi:10.1007/s11356-009-0118-4

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for both qualitative and quantitative analyses (Christensen et al, 2005;Gomes, et al, 2009).…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples from a Nigerian bitumen seepage: Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry quantification

Itodo

Sha’Ato

Arowojolu

2018

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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Bitumen exploration was flagged off at Irele, a Nigerian field in 2003. The relationship between the seepage pollutants and receiving water bodies is the focus of this study. We hereby present the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) level in two categories of bitumen contaminated waters; source (RS) and delivery (RD) points. Results were compared with uncontaminated water (RC) as control experiment. The PAHs were extracted by Liquid-Liquid extraction using dichloromethane and analyzed by Gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). The mean concentration of PAHs was 8.39, 3.93 and 0.57 ppb for source, delivery point and control respectively. The Benzo[e]pyrene concentrations obtained were higher than 1-10 ppb in most samples, indicating anthropogenic and petrogenic sources of the pollutants. Most of the PAH concentrations obtained were within natural concentrations, However, Benzo (e) pyrene and Indenol (1, 2, 3 – cd) pyrene exceeded the expected limit. The predominance of 4-6 member ring showed that the PAHs were more of pyrolytic than mixed sources. Method validation gave the Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification values in the range of 0.03-0.12 and 0.10-0.61 respectively. The Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) coefficient (r) was used to determine the interactions of the PAHs detected with parametric factors. All the physicochemical parameters studied except pH shows positive correlation. Statistical test at P <0.05 indicated that the difference in PAHs concentrations is not significant when compared with maximum acceptable PAHs concentration (MAC) for water, which is an indication that the water is safe.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 319-326, 2018

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“…The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for both qualitative and quantitative analyses (Christensen et al, 2005;Gomes, et al, 2009).…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples from a Nigerian bitumen seepage: Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry quantification

Itodo

Sha’Ato

Arowojolu

2018

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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“…The nominal concentrations of FLU, PHE, FLA, PYR, and BAP in the mixed solution were 1, 1, 0.25, 0.15, and 0.1 mg ml À1 , respectively. These PAHs and their concentrations were found in industrial wastewaters generated from oilprocessing activities [25,26] and represent the maximum water solubility of the PAH compounds except BAP [27]. Four heavy metals-cadmium (Cd 2þ ), copper (Cu 2þ ), zinc (Zn 2þ ), and nickel (Ni 2þ ) in the forms of CdCl 2 Á 2.5H 2 O, CuSO 4 Á 5H 2 O, ZnSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, and NiCl 2 Á 6H 2 O, respectively, obtained from Sigma-Aldrich-were dissolved in deionized water and simultaneously added to the SE medium at three different concentrations.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals to biochemical and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized Selenastrum capricornutum

Wang¹,

Luo²,

Lin³

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The aquatic environment often contains different groups of contaminants, but their combined toxicity on microalgae has seldom been reported. The present study compared the toxic effects of combined mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals on growth and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized microalga, Selenastrum capricornutum. Five PAHsphenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene-and four heavy metals at different concentrations-0.05 to 0.1 mg Cd 2þ ml À1 , 0.05 to 1 mg Cu 2þ ml À1 , 0.05 to 1 mg Zn 2þ ml À1 , and 0.5 to 2.5 mg Ni 2þ ml À1 -were examined. Results showed that the chlorophyll a content of free and immobilized S. capricornutum was not affected by PAHs but was significantly inhibited by heavy metals. Conversely, the antioxidant parameters, including the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, were significantly induced by both PAHs and metals. For the combined toxic effects of PAHs and heavy metals, cell growth and antioxidant responses varied with exposure time and contaminants and differed between free and immobilized cells. The effects of cocontaminants on the GSH content in free cells were mainly synergistic but changed to antagonistic in immobilized cells. The toxic effects of cocontamination on free cells were also more obvious than those on immobilized cells. These findings suggest that immobilization offers some protection to microalgal cells against toxic contaminants causing differences in the interaction and responses to combined toxicants between free and immobilized cells. Immobilized cells might be more suitable for treating wastewater containing toxic contaminants than free cells. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:673-683. # 2012 SETAC

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“…Temperature program of initial temperature at 60 ºC hold for 0.5 min then ramp to 240 ºC at the rate of 10 ºC/min to the final temperature at 300 ºC hold for 6 min. The extracts were analyzed using the (GC-MS) for both qualitative and quantitative analyses [18].…”

Section: Gc-ms Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil Samples from Regions Around Loda-Irele Bitumen Field, Nigeria

Itodo¹,

Sha’Ato

Arowojolu

2018

Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chem

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Determination of total and available fractions of PAHs by SPME in oily wastewaters: overcoming interference from NAPL and NOM

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples from a Nigerian bitumen seepage: Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry quantification

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples from a Nigerian bitumen seepage: Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry quantification

Combined toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals to biochemical and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized Selenastrum capricornutum

Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil Samples from Regions Around Loda-Irele Bitumen Field, Nigeria

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