Determination of three analgesics in pharmaceutical and urine sample on nano poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) modified electrode

Abstract

Three analgesics, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and dipyrone were determined by stripping voltammetry using nanosized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified glassy carbon electrode . The cyclic voltammetric behavior of the three analgesics was studied in aqueous acid, neutral, and alkaline conditions. One well-defined oxidation peak each for acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid and three oxidation peaks for dipyrone were observed in the cyclic voltammograms. The influence of pH, scan rate, and concentration revealed irreversible diffusion controlled reaction. A systematic study of the experimental parameters that affect the differential pulse stripping voltammetric response was carried out. Calibration was made under maximum peak current conditions. The scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed good accumulation of the drugs on the electrode surface. The range of study for both acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid were 0.015-0.4 and dipyrone was 0.025-0.4 μg/ml. The lower limit of determination for both acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid was 0.01 μg/mL and for dipyrone was 0.02 μg/mL. The suitability of the method for the determination of the three analgesics in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples was also ascertained.

Poly(thionine)-carbon nanotube modified carbon film electrodes and application to the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and dipyrone

“…Higher sensitivities were obtained in [12,14], but with narrower linear ranges. Detection limits were similar to those in [12] and much lower than in [9]; although they were higher than those in [13,42,43] ( [13,43] using stripping voltammetric techniques), in these cases, the upper linear range limits were only 2.6 μM [13,43] and 16 μM [42].…”

“…Although sensitive, these techniques are not suitable for routine analysis being time consuming or involving sample preparation before detection. Both acetaminophen and dipyrone are electroactive, so that different electrochemical methods have been used for their detection [10][11][12][13]. In relation to determination at electrodes modified with CNT, there is only one study on the determination of dipyrone at a CNT-modified graphite-epoxy resin composite electrode, GrCE [14] and for acetaminophen; most of the recent work is based on carbon nanotube paste electrodes (CNTPE) [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Temperature-Induced Conversion of 2D Vanadium-Doped MoSe2 Nanosheets to 1D V2MoO8 Rods: Enhanced Performance in Electrochemical Antibiotic Detection in Biological and Environmental Samples

“…To confirm that the electrode process was controlled by diffusion, the linear relationship between the logarithm of the scan rates (log v ) and the logarithm of the peak current (log I pc ) was plotted and shown in Figure S25. In general, the slope of this linear curve is an indicator of the nature of the process: a slope close to 0.5 indicates a diffusion-controlled reaction, and a slope close to 1 indicates an adsorption-controlled reaction . The linear plot shows that the value of the slope is 0.4, which is close to 0.5 and indicates that the reaction process is controlled by diffusion.…”

Voltammetric/amperometric screening of compounds of pharmacological interest

“…Explicit application for determination of drugs in human urine (El-Maali 2000, Garcia-Fernandez et al 2000, Fernandez Torres et al 2002, Shih et al 2002, Hilali et al 2003, Morais et al 2003, Reddy and Sreedhar 2003, Razak 2004, Ensafi and Hajian 2008a,b, Daneshgar et al 2009a,b, Muralidharan et al 2009, Tyszczuk and Korolczuk 2009a,b, Behpour et al 2010, Ensafi et al 2011, Zayed 2011, Gopu et al 2012, Khaskheli et al 2012, Gupta et al 2013a,b, Lakshmi and Vedhi 2013, Švorc et al 2013) and human serum , Sreedhar et al 2001, Altinoz and Nemutlu 2002, El-Hefnawy et al 2003, Coruh and Ozkan 2006, Wang et al 2006, Altun et al 2007, Beltagi et al 2007aEl-Desoky 2009, Alarfaj 2013, Arvand and Gholizadeh 2013 are numerous. In contrast, few reports are addressed to determinations in cerebrospinal fluid (Jimenez Palacios et al 2003), bovine muscle and serum (Ammida et al 2004, Barbosa et al 2006, and milk (Billova et al 2003).…”