Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis in type 1 diabetes mellitus and the factors associated with thiol oxidation

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to examine dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and identify the factors associated with thiol oxidation. Thirty-eight subjects (18 male, 20 female) diagnosed with T1DM and 38 (17 male, 21 female) healthy volunteers without any known diseases were included in the study. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis concentrations were measured by a newly developed method (Erel & Neselioglu) in this study. After native thiol, total thiol and disulfide levels were determined; measures such as disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol were calculated. In T1DM patients, compared to the control group, disulfide (p = 0.024), disulfide/native thiol (p < 0.001), and disulfide/total thiol (p < 0.001) were determined higher, while native thiol (p = 0.004) and total thiol (p < 0.001) levels were much lower. In the patient group, a positive correlation was determined between c-reactive protein (r = 325, p = 0.007; r = 316, p = 0.010, respectively), fasting blood glucose (r = 279, p = 0.018; r = 251, p = 0.035, respectively), and glycosylated hemoglobin (r = 341, p = 0.004; r = 332, p = 0.005, respectively) and rates of disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol. We determined that thiol oxidation increase in T1DM patients compared to the control group. We thought that hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation might be the major cause of increase in oxide thiol form. In order to determine the relationship between the status of autoimmunity and dynamic thiol/disulfide in T1DM, dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in newly diagnosed-antibody positive-T1DM patients is required to be investigated.

The Use of Thiol/Disulfide as a Novel Marker in Premature Ovarian Failure

“…It has been shown that a higher reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/ GSSG) redox state leads to proliferation, while a decreased GSH/GSSG redox state leads to apoptosis [33,34] . Moreover, plasma disulfide levels were found to be higher in patients with degenerative diseases such as diabetes, smoking, obesity and pneumonia, and with recurrent pregnancy loss; alternatively, they were lower in patients with proliferative diseases such as colon cancer, renal cancer and multiple myeloma [19,35,36] . Since POF is a degenerative disease, the higher disulfide levels found in POF patients were correlated with findings in other degenerative diseases.…”

The Role of Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Anthracycline Associated Cardiac Toxicity

“…Oxidative stress has attracted the interest of clinicians for a long time and it has been shown that it has a critical role in the progress of various diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, cancer, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. [21][22][23][24] Both excessive oxidative stress and inadequate defence of cardiomyocytes can also play a role in the development of early onset of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. 3) Myocardial cells, a metabolically active tissue, have an elegant system of antioxidant defenses and cell repair mechanisms against oxidative and nitrosative stress which can cause cell necrosis and/or apoptosis.…”

Evaluation of Dynamic Disulphide/Thiol Homeostasis in Silica Exposed Workers

“…Thiol groups are oxidized to disulphides during oxidative stress, thus thiol/disulphide ratio offers a simple and convenient expression of cellular oxidative stress (30). Recently, thiol disulphide homeostasis has been investigated in many disorders, such as acute myocardial infarction, type 1 diabetes and acute ischaemic stroke (31,32,33). …”