Determination of the minimum anesthetic concentration of sevoflurane in thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha)

Phair, Kristen; Larsen, Reinhard; Wack, Raymund F.; Shilo‐Benjamini, Yael; Pypendop, Bruno H.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1350

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The MAC value, however, may vary considerably among avian species (Mercado and others 2008) and can be influenced by many physiological factors (body temperature, metabolic rate, blood CO 2 tension and large variations in blood pressure; Quasha and others 1980). In the current study, as in several other studies determining MAC values in birds (Ludders and others 1989, Naganobu and Hagio 2000, Naganobu and others 2003, Kim and others 2011, Escobar and others 2012, Phair and others 2012), body temperature remained stable during all the anaesthetic procedures. Consequently, body temperature was unlikely to have influenced these results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In contrast, in birds of different species, the respiratory rate under SEVO anaesthesia in other studies was lower than in awake birds (Escobar and others 2009, Phair and others 2012, Chan and others 2013). For measurements in the awake state in this study, pigeons were very calm and handled very gently to avoid any stress.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Sevoflurane (SEVO) has been used for avian anaesthesia, where it is characterised by less airway irritation (Granone and others 2012) and a lower blood solubility (Edling 2006) than isoflurane (ISO) and is associated with faster anaesthetic induction and recovery times that could justify its wider use (Korbel 1998, Joyner and others 2008, Granone and others 2012, Phair and others 2012). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Anaesthesia with sevoflurane in pigeons: minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) determination and investigation of cardiorespiratory variables at 1 MAC

et al. 2016

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The objective of the study was to determine the minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (SEVO) in pigeons and investigate the effects of 1 MAC SEVO anaesthesia on cardiovascular and respiratory variables compared with the awake state. This is a prospective, experimental study. Animals were seven healthy adult pigeons. After acclimatisation to handling, heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, respiratory rate (fR), end-expired carbon dioxide tension (PE'CO2), inspired CO2 tension, indirect systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and cloacal temperature were measured to determine baseline, 'awake' values. Pigeons were then anaesthetised with SEVO and MAC was determined by the 'bracketing' method. The same variables were monitored during a 40 minute period at 1.0 MAC SEVO for each bird. Mean MAC was 3.0±0.6 per cent for SEVO. During maintenance of anaesthesia at 1.0 MAC, SAP decreased significantly (P<0.001) without any significant change in HR. Although PE'CO2 increased significantly (P=0.001) despite an increase in fR, awake PE'CO2 values were unexpectedly low. Sinus arrhythmias were detected in two birds under SEVO anaesthesia. The times to tracheal intubation and to recovery were 2.5±0.7 and 6.4±1.7 minutes, respectively. Recovery was rapid and uneventful in all birds. In conclusion, SEVO is suitable for anaesthesia in pigeons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

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confidence: 99%

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Anaesthesia with sevoflurane in pigeons: minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) determination and investigation of cardiorespiratory variables at 1 MAC

et al. 2016

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“…Most of it is eliminated via the lungs with only a minute fraction metabolised in the liver [8–10]. Other anaesthetic inhalation agents such as sevoflurane [5, 6, 8, 9, 11–20] and desflurane [18] may have slight advantages over isoflurane; however, associated costs are considerable which limits their widespread use in veterinary practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation on Depth of Anaesthesia during and after Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Sulphur-Crested Cockatoos (Cacatua galerita galerita)

Chemonges

2014

Veterinary Medicine International

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This study aimed to determine the effect of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) on the depth of inhalation anaesthesia in parrots. Anaesthesia was induced with 3.0% isoflurane in six Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (Cacatua galerita galerita) and maintained using either 1.5% or 3.0% during spontaneous ventilation (SV) or IPPV at 6 (IPPV-6) or 12 (IPPV-12) breaths per minute. The time taken for the appearance of somatic reflexes and the return of SV after IPPV was recorded. During recovery, the body jerk, beak, eye, and shivering reflexes appeared after 126 ± 27 s, 133 ± 26 s, 165 ± 34 s, and 165 ± 44 s, respectively. All cockatoos developed apnoea after IPPV-12 and only some did after IPPV-6. Return of SV after IPPV-12 was delayed compared to IPPV-6. Recovery times after the SV runs were significantly different between 1.5% and 3.0% isoflurane anaesthesia. Similarly, after IPPV, the recovery times were significantly different between 1.5% and 3.0% isoflurane anaesthesia. Recovery times after 3.0% inhaled isoflurane were longer than those of 1.5% inhaled isoflurane. In conclusion, cockatoos recovering from isoflurane anaesthesia are likely to exhibit body jerk, beak, eye, and shivering reflexes in that order. IPPV increases the depth of anaesthesia in a rate and dose-related manner and prolongs recovery.

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“…Among the different inhalant anaesthetics, sevoflurane has several advantages, such as a lower blood-gas partition coefficient and a non-pungent odour, and it also provides rapid induction and recovery [9,10]. Both sevoflurane and isoflurane have been proven safe for use in parrots [11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPremedication is rarely used in avian species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication on the quality of sevoflurane induction and anaesthesia in parrots. We hypothesised that premedication would facilitate handling and decrease the minimum anaesthetic dose (MAD). Thirty-six adult parrots were randomly distributed in three groups: group S (n = 12) was premedicated with NaCl 0.9%; group KS (n = 12) was premedicated with 10 mg.kg-1 ketamine; and group KDS (n = 12) was premedicated with 10 mg.kg-1 ketamine and 0.5 mg.kg-1 diazepam, delivered intramuscularly. After induction using 4.5% sevoflurane introduced through a facemask, the MAD was determined for each animal. The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), and cloacal temperature (CT) were recorded before premedication (T0), 15 minutes after premedication (T1), and after MAD determination (T2). Arterial blood gas analyses were performed at T0 and T2. The quality of anaesthesia was evaluated using subjective scales based on animal behaviour and handling during induction, maintenance, and recovery. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Tukey’s or Dunn’s tests.ResultsThe minimal anaesthetic doses obtained were 2.4 ± 0.37%, 1.7 ± 0.39%, and 1.3 ± 0.32% for groups S, KS, and KDS, respectively. There were no differences in HR, RR, or CT among groups, but SAP was significantly lower in group S. Sedation was observed in both the premedicated S-KS and S-KDS groups. There were no differences in the quality of intubation and recovery from anaesthesia among the three groups, although the induction time was significantly shorter in the pre-medicated groups, and the KS group showed less muscle relaxation.ConclusionsKetamine alone or the ketamine/diazepam combination decreased the MAD of sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva). Ketamine alone or in combination with diazepam promoted a good quality of sedation, which improved handling and reduced the stress of the birds. All protocols provided safe anaesthesia in this avian species.

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Determination of the minimum anesthetic concentration of sevoflurane in thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha)

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Anaesthesia with sevoflurane in pigeons: minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) determination and investigation of cardiorespiratory variables at 1 MAC

Anaesthesia with sevoflurane in pigeons: minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) determination and investigation of cardiorespiratory variables at 1 MAC

Effect of Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation on Depth of Anaesthesia during and after Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Sulphur-Crested Cockatoos (Cacatua galerita galerita)

The effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva)

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