Determination of the Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Quantum Dots: Suitable Procedures and Achievable Uncertainties

Grabolle, Markus; Spieles, Monika; Lesnyak, Vladimir; Gaponik, Nikolai; Eychmüller, Alexander; Resch‐Genger, Ute

doi:10.1021/ac900308v

Cited by 574 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…Relative PL quantum yields (QYs) were measured following literature procedures, using either Rhodamine 590 or Rhodamine 640 dye as standard. 85 Absorption and PL emission spectra were measured as replicates of three or more and the average QYs were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Evolution and Single Particle Luminescence of Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

et al. 2015

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Organometallic halide perovskites CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl) have quickly become one of the most promising semiconductors for solar cells, with photovoltaics made of these materials reaching power conversion efficiencies of near 20%. Improving our ability to harness the full potential of organometal halide perovskites will require more controllable syntheses that permit a detailed understanding of their fundamental chemistry and photophysics. In this manuscript, we systematically synthesize CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = I, Br) nanocrystals with different morphologies (dots, rods, plates or sheets) by using different solvents and capping ligands. CH3NH3PbX3 nanowires and nanorods capped with octylammonium halides show relatively higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and long PL lifetimes. CH3NH3PbI3 nanowires monitored at the single particle level show shape-correlated PL emission across whole particles, with little photobleaching observed and very few off periods. This work highlights the potential of low-dimensional organometal halide perovskite semiconductors in constructing new porous and nanostructured solar cell architectures, as well as in applying these materials to other fields such as light-emitting devices and single particle imaging and tracking.Keywords organometal halide perovskites, nanocrystals, preferred orientation, morphology control, size control, single particle photoluminescence Disciplines Chemistry CommentsReprinted (adapted) with permission from ACS Nano 9 (2015) 15,16 respectively, as well as high absorption coefficients. Critically, organolead perovskites have very long electronÀ hole carrier diffusion lengths, exceeding 1 μm in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x , and 100 nm in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , which in principle allows for the development of several solar cell architectures including perovskite-sensitized solar cells, planar heterojunction solar cells, and meso-and nanostructured solar cells. 17 Building on the dramatic improvement of solar cell performance using the solid hole conductor spiro-OMeTAD instead of a liquid electrolyte (spiro-OMeTAD stands for 2,2 0 -7,7 0 -tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxy-phenylamine)-9,9 0 -spirobifluorene), 18 the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaics made from these intensely absorbing, visible-active semiconductors has risen from 3.8% to near 20% in only four years. 19,20 Photovoltaic performance depends critically on perovskite composition, crystallinity and morphology. 21À23 Higher perovskite film uniformity leads to lower recombination rates in planar heterojuction solar cells. 24,25 Film uniformity is affected by factors such as precursor composition, annealing temperature and, if applicable, solvent used during the vapor-assisted or spin coating deposition process. 6,24,26À32 Highly efficient mesostructured solar cells are produced by a twostep deposition process. 33À35 Vapor-assisted methods and additives provide the means * Address correspondence to jwp@iastate.edu, esmith1@iastate.edu, vela@iastate.edu.Received for review December 9, 2014 a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Evolution and Single Particle Luminescence of Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

et al. 2015

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“…Quantum yields were determined according to literature procedures using Rhodamine 6G and Fluorescein as standards. 33 Each QY was determined from measurements in three NC batches produced under the same conditions and with at least 2 measurements per batch. ATR-FTIR measurements were conducted with a Bruker alpha p instrument.…”

Section: Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Enhanced Stability of Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Application in Color Conversion LEDs

Meyns

Perálvarez

Heuer‐Jungemann

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

302

229

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Cesium lead halide (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) offer exceptional optical properties for several potential applications but their implementation is hindered by a low chemical and structural stability and limited processability. In the present work, we developed a new method to efficiently coat CsPbX 3 NCs, which resulted in their increased chemical and optical stability as well as processability. The method is based on the incorporation of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMA) into the synthesis of the perovskite NCs. The presence of PMA in the ligand shell stabilizes the NCs by tightening the ligand binding, limiting in this way the NC surface interaction with the surrounding media. We further show that these NCs can be embedded in self-standing silicone/glass plates as down-conversion filters for the fabrication of monochromatic green and white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with narrow bandwidths and appealing color characteristics.

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“…Previous works concerning fluorescence decay time dynamics of QDs have provided evidence that both k rad and k nrad are expected to be strongly size-dependent. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] On one side, it is known that k rad decreases with the QD size. This fact arises from the relation between the radiative rate, k rad , and the emission frequency peak (determined by QD size) established by the Fermi's "golden rule" of pure exciton states, but also affected by the participation of the so-called "dark exciton states".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum quantum dot size for highly efficient fluorescence bioimaging

Maestro¹,

Jacinto²,

Rocha³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Semiconductor quantum dots of few nanometers have demonstrated a great potential for bioimaging. The size determines the emitted color, but it is also expected to play an important role in the image brightness. In this work, the size dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield of the highly thermal sensitive CdTe quantum dots has been systematically investigated by thermal lens spectroscopy. It has been found that an optimum quantum yield is reached for 3.8-nm quantum dots. The presence of this optimum size has been corroborated in both one-photon excited fluorescence experiments and two-photon fluorescence microscopy of dot-incubated cancer cells. Combination of quantum yield and fluorescence decay time measurements supports that the existence of this optimum size emerges from the interplay between the frequency-dependent radiative emission rate and the size-dependent coupling strength between bulk excitons and surface trapping states.

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Determination of the Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Quantum Dots: Suitable Procedures and Achievable Uncertainties

Cited by 574 publications

References 84 publications

Shape Evolution and Single Particle Luminescence of Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Shape Evolution and Single Particle Luminescence of Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Polymer-Enhanced Stability of Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Application in Color Conversion LEDs

Optimum quantum dot size for highly efficient fluorescence bioimaging

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