Determination of the five major opium alkaloids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a base-deactivated stationary phase

Krenn, Liselotte; Glantschnig, S.; Sorgner, U.

doi:10.1007/bf02466781

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Filtrates were transferred to a LiChrolut RP-18, soaked for 15 min and then eluted with dichloromethane-isopropanol (85: 15). The eluate was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 2.5 ml methanol [7] .…”

Section: Papaverine Hydrocloride Standard Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extracts on the Expression of Prolactin and Oxytocin Genes in Lactating BALB/C Mice

Soka¹,

Alam²,

Boenjamin³

et al. 2010

Lifestyle Genomics

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Sauropus androgynus is traditionally consumed by Indonesians and is believed to increase breast milk production during lactation. Lactation, a process of milk synthesis and secretion, occurs with the help of 2 hormones, prolactin and oxytocin. The expressions of genes encoding prolactin and oxytocin were analyzed in lactating BALB/C mice brains using qRT-PCR. A total of 24 lactating BALB/C mice were fed with experimental diets for 12 days. Two groups of lactating mice were fed with diets containing either young or mature S. androgynus leaf extracts. For the control, one group of lactating mice was fed a diet without S. androgynus leaf extracts. Supplementation of young S. androgynus leaf extracts increased the expression of prolactin and oxytocin genes in lactating mice 9.04- and 2.25-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, supplementation of mature S. androgynus leaf extracts increased the expressions of both genes 15.75- and 25.77-fold, respectively, compared to the control group. The result suggested that mature S. androgynus leaf extracts significantly increased the expressions of both genes in lactating BALB/C mice and was predicted to correlate with papaverine content, which is only detected in mature S. androgynus leaves at a concentration of 0.38 ± 0.04 µg·ml^–1.

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Section: Papaverine Hydrocloride Standard Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extracts on the Expression of Prolactin and Oxytocin Genes in Lactating BALB/C Mice

Soka¹,

Alam²,

Boenjamin³

et al. 2010

Lifestyle Genomics

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“…Analysis of the content of morphine, codeine, papaverine, and thebain in the samples was performed by HPLC-DAD analyses [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Science in Drug Control: The Alkaloid Content of Afghan Opium

Remberg

Sterrantino

Artner

et al. 2008

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Opium samples from Afghanistan were analyzed by HPLC for their content of morphine and three further alkaloids (codeine, thebaine, and papaverine). To our knowledge, this is the largest set of authentic opium samples analyzed in one study until now. The purpose was to assess possible correlations between samples and selected external factors, such as region of origin within Afghanistan, year of harvest, or intra-batch variation. In the investigated samples, a trend towards higher morphine concentrations in opium from the North-Eastern parts of Afghanistan was observed in the period from 2003 to 2005. More than 75% of the samples contained above 10% of morphine, the overall average was 14.4%.

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“…The alkaloids in gum opium and poppy straw were also extracted with 2.5% acetic acid and purified by use of a base-deactivated silica-based stationary phase column. 8) In this case, toxic organic solvents, dichloromethane and isopropanol, were required to elute the alkaloids from the purification column. Solid-phase extraction has been applied for analysis of narcotic drugs in biological fluids such as urine and plasma, [9][10][11] and shown to provide clean extracts without sample loss through emulsion formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Rapid and Reliable Solid-Phase Extraction Method for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Opium Alkaloids from Papaver Plants

Yoshimatsu

Kiuchi

Shimomura

et al. 2005

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L. contains pharmaceutically important alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine.2) Although morphine is the most effective analgesic, it also has strongly addictive properties and is a raw material for illegal heroin production. Opium alkaloids including morphine, codeine and thebaine are narcotic drugs under international control.3) Cultivation of opium poppy (P. somniferum L.) and great scarlet poppy (P. bracteatum Lindl.), which produces thebaine, is strictly controlled under the Opium Law and the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law, respectively, in Japan. P. somniferum has a long cultivation history worldwide and there are many varieties having various colors and shapes of flowers, shapes of capsules, and alkaloid composition and content.2-4) Despite the strict control of the plants, seeds of P. somniferum have been imported and sold as an ornamental gardening flower. To control illegal cultivation of the plants, rapid and reliable extraction methods of opium alkaloids from many plant samples are required, because distinction of these plants from legal ornamental species is difficult at their vegetative growth stage.The alkaloids in genus Papaver were extracted by liquidliquid extraction, 5) with methanol, 6) or a mixture of methanol and 28% ammonia. 7) However, liquid-liquid extraction is laborious and requires biologically toxic chloroform, the use of which is decreasing because of environmental protection, and methanolic extracts contain impurities that affect separation of alkaloids. The alkaloids in gum opium and poppy straw were also extracted with 2.5% acetic acid and purified by use of a base-deactivated silica-based stationary phase column. 8)In this case, toxic organic solvents, dichloromethane and isopropanol, were required to elute the alkaloids from the purification column. Solid-phase extraction has been applied for analysis of narcotic drugs in biological fluids such as urine and plasma, [9][10][11] and shown to provide clean extracts without sample loss through emulsion formation. Additionally, halogenated solvents, chloroform and dichloromethane, are not needed, however, there is no report on solid-phase extraction of opium alkaloids from the plant materials as far as we know. The present paper describes a rapid and reliable solidphase extraction method for opium alkaloids from Papaver plants for HPLC analysis. ExperimentalPlant Materials Capsules of Papaver somniferum, P. setigerum, P. bracteatum and P. pseudo-orientale cultivated in a field or a phytotron (20°C /14 or 16 h light, 17°C/10 or 8 h dark, 60% relative humidity) at Division of Tsukuba, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, were used as plant materials. They were either air-dried or lyophilized and ground prior to extraction. Capsules of field-grown P. somniferum var. Ikkanshu and leaves of juvenile P. somniferum (India variety) grown in a phytotron were used for extraction experiments.Extraction Solvent A pow...

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Determination of the five major opium alkaloids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a base-deactivated stationary phase

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extracts on the Expression of Prolactin and Oxytocin Genes in Lactating BALB/C Mice

Effect of Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extracts on the Expression of Prolactin and Oxytocin Genes in Lactating BALB/C Mice

Science in Drug Control: The Alkaloid Content of Afghan Opium

A Rapid and Reliable Solid-Phase Extraction Method for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Opium Alkaloids from Papaver Plants

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