Agarwood ('Jinkoh' in Japanese) is a famous incense and is used as a sedative, analgesic and digestive in Kampo medicine. From agarwood, characteristic sesquiterpenes [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and chromone derivatives [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] have been isolated. These compounds, together with the pyrolyzation products, constitute a pleasant odor when agarwood is burnt, 17,18) and combinations of these compounds make up various qualities of agarwood. Although the resinous part of agarwood is formed by decay, injury, etc., of the tree of the Aquilaria species (Thymelaeaceae), this process has not been understood in detail. Examination of the chemical constituents of the damaged wood would offer valuable information for understanding the bioorganic process of agarwood formation. In the present paper, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of four new chromone derivatives (1-4), together with seven known chromones, from the MeOH extract of withered wood of A. sinensis, an original plant of agarwood (Chart 1). Results and DiscussionWithered wood of A. sinensis GILG grown in Taiwan was extracted with MeOH, and the MeOH extract was fractionated to hexane-, AcOEt-and BuOH-soluble fractions. The hexane-soluble fraction was separated by silica gel column chromatography to yield a new 2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromone 1, together with five known compounds: flindersiachromone, 9) AH 3 , 10) AH 4 , 10) AH 5 10) and AH 6 . 10) The AcOEtsoluble fraction was separated by silica gel and reversedphase silica gel column chromatography to yield a new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone 2, two new 2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromones 3 and 4, and two known dimeric chromones AH 10 11) and AH 14 12) (Chart 1). The structures of the known compounds were confirmed by comparison of the physical and spectral data with those reported.Compound 1 10) except for the carbons of the chromone system. From the heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) spectrum (Fig. 1), the hydroxyl group was located at C-5 because the hydroxyl proton (d H 12.77) and the proton at C-3 (d H 6.11) correlated with the same carbon at C-4a (d C 111.31). The methoxyl group was located at C-6, because the aromatic carbon (d C 144.18) which correlated with the methoxyl protons (d H 3.85) also correlated with the hydroxyl proton (d H 12.77) at C-5. Thus, compound 1 was determined to be 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone.Compound 2 was obtained as a white powder with the molecular formula of C 17 H 14 O 4 . The presence of a chromone ring was suggested from the UV and IR spectra. The 13 C-NMR spectrum of 2 (Table 2) was very similar to that of AH 3 10) except for the methylenes (C-7Ј, C-8Ј): one of the methylenes was replaced by an oxymethine group (d C 71.37). This was confirmed by the presence of ABX-type signals at d H 3.14 (1H, dd, Jϭ14.3, 4.6 Hz), 3.20 (1H, dd, Jϭ14.3, 8.7 Hz) and d H 5.53 (1H, dd, Jϭ8.7, 4.6 Hz) in the 1 H-NMR (Table 1). The oxymethine group was located at C-7Ј, because the oxymethine proton (d H 5.53) correlated with the ...
Two new icetexane diterpenes, cyclocoulterone (1) and komaroviquinone (2), and a novel 20-norabietane diterpene, dracocephalone A (3), were isolated from Dracocephalum komarovi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectral data. Komaroviquinone (2) showed strong trypanocidal activity against epmastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, with a minimum lethal concentration of 0.4 micro M.
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