Determination of the effects of playing soccer on physical fitness in individuals with transtibial amputation

Quantitative methods used to evaluate balance, postural control, and the fear of falling in lower limb prosthesis users: A systematic review

“…The results from the current study showed a large bias toward recruiting males in research in this area. The reported 26.4% of female lower limb prosthesis users participating in studies was lower than what has been reported in a highly regarded national amputation registry (SwedeAmp; 39%), 234 as well as in previous research (34.5%–38.4%) such as Claessen et al 235 and Ziegler-Graham et al 236 The present authors think it is noteworthy that, of the (n = 161) articles reporting characteristics on sex in the balance articles in Supplemental Table (Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/POI/A170) 12-14,19-23,25,26,28,29,31-42,44,45,47,48,50-56,58,59,62-69,71-75,77-85,88-90,92,94-102,105-120,122-136,138,140-153,155,157-165,167-179,181-184,186-198,230,231 and the (n = 62) articles of balance confidence, 4,6,8,14,44,71,78,81,83,94,134,138,143,145,147,148,150,151,153,155,157,159,163,165,172,175-178,183,193,196,199-203,205-209,211-229 29.2% and 19.4% respectively, included male sex exclusively. There were only (n = 2) studies with female participants, one balance article 231 and one balance confidence article.…”

“…Looking at the protocols and tests, the most commonly found was the Berg Balance Scale, or selected items of the Berg Balance Scale (Figure 2). 14,31,73,80-82,93,94,103,107,118-120,138-140,144,147-168 Timed Up and Go 76,107,117,144,145,148,149,151,162,163,165,169-180 and Limits of Stability tests 12,13,20,25,30,37,42,46,47,59,71,72,74,83,84,89 were common (Figure 2). One leg stance test appeared with various names in about some studies.…”

“…Studies that explicitly stated limitations or confounders were just over two-thirds of the total (Table 2),. 13,14,19–22,24,28–56,71,74,76,77,80–95,108,109,115–132,140–145,147–165,169–180,182–184,188–191,193–198 The most commonly mentioned limitation was small sample size, 20,22,24,28,29,32,33,35,37,39,40,42,45,47,52,54-57,74,80,82,86,87,89,93,95,109,118,119,121,123,126,129,141,143,145,148,149,154-159,161,164,169,172,183,198 followed by generalizability issues, 14,19-21,34,38,41,42,44,52-56,80,81,87,89,109,127-130,142,148,151,155,156,162,171,175-177,184,188,189,191,193,196 recall bias, 14,148,150,157,171,173,182,184 heterogeneous groups, 29,42,54,89,142,174,176,177 homogenous groups, 21,38,39,44,45,91,164 and convenience samples. 14,161,176,177,196…”

“…Studies that explicitly stated limitations or confounders were just over two-thirds of the total (Table 2),. 13,14,19-22,24,28-56,71,74,76,77,80-95, 108,109,115-132,140-145,147-165,169-180,182-184,188-191,193-198 The most commonly mentioned limitation was small sample size, 20,22,24,28,29,32,33,35,37,39,40,42,45,47,52,[54][55][56][57]74,80,82,86,87,89,93,95,109,118,119,121,123,126,129,141,143,145,148,149,[154][155][156][157][158][159]161,164,169,…”

Effectiveness of (Active) Lifestyle Interventions in People With a Lower Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review

“… 43 Earlier cross-sectional research demonstrated the association between body composition (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage) and physical activity levels in people with an LLA. 51 …”