Determination of the dialdehyde glyoxal in workroom air—development of personal sampling methodology

Olsen, Raymond; Thorud, Syvert; Hersson, Merete; Øvrebø, Steinar; Lundanes, Elsa; Greibrokk, Tyge; Ellingsen, Dag G.; Thomassen, Yngvar; Molander, Paal

doi:10.1039/b700105n

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Sample recovery was determined by spiking 1 µg of glyoxal and methylglyoxal onto DNPH cartridges -recoveries were 96 ± 0.3 % for glyoxal and 111 ± 8 % for methylglyoxal. The degree of derivatisation was examined in these spiked cartridges to ensure both carbonyl groups in the glyoxal and methylglyoxal molecules had reacted with the 2,4-DNPH (Wang et al, 2009;Olsen et al, 2007). Analysis of samples that had been extracted within the last 24 h showed a second smaller peak, indicating that ∼ 5 % of the glyoxal had reacted to form mono-derivatives rather than bis-derivatives (e.g.…”

Section: Dnph Cartridges and Hplc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The dicarbonyls glyoxal and methylglyoxal have been measured with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) cartridges and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), optimised for dicarbonyl detection, in clean marine air over the temperate Southern Hemisphere (SH) oceans. Measurements of a range of dicarbonyl precursors (volatile organic compounds, VOCs) were made in parallel. These are the first in situ measurements of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the remote temperate oceans. Six 24 h samples were collected in summer (February-March) over the Chatham Rise in the south-west Pacific Ocean during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) voyage in 2012, while 34 24 h samples were collected at Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station in the late winter (August-September) of 2011. Average glyoxal mixing ratios in clean marine air were 7 ppt at Cape Grim and 23 ppt over Chatham Rise. Average methylglyoxal mixing ratios in clean marine air were 28 ppt at Cape Grim and 10 ppt over Chatham Rise. The mixing ratios of glyoxal at Cape Grim are the lowest observed over the remote oceans, while mixing ratios over Chatham Rise are in good agreement with other temperate and tropical observations, including concurrent Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations. Methylglyoxal mixing ratios at both sites are comparable to the only other marine methylglyoxal observations available over the tropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) ocean. Ratios of glyoxal : methylglyoxal > 1 over Chatham Rise but < 1 at Cape Grim suggest that a different formation and/or loss processes or rates dominate at each site. Dicarbonyl precursor VOCs, including isoprene and monoterpenes, are used to calculate an upper-estimate yield of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in the remote marine boundary layer and explain at most 1-3 ppt of dicarbonyls observed, corresponding to 10 % and 17 % of the observed glyoxal and 29 and 10 % of the methylglyoxal at Chatham Rise and Cape Grim, respectively, highlighting a significant but as yet unknown production mechanism. Surface-level glyoxal observations from both sites were converted to vertical columns and compared to average vertical column densities (VCDs) from GOME-2 satellite retrievals. Both satellite columns and in situ observations are higher in summer than winter; however, satellite vertical column densities exceeded the surface observations by more than 1.5 × 10 14 molecules cm −2 at both sites. This discrepancy may be due to the incorrect assumption that all glyoxal observed by satellite is within the boundary layer, or it may be due to challenges retrieving low VCDs of glyoxal over the oceans due to interferences by liquid water absorption or the use of an inappropriate normalisation reference value in the retrieval algorithm. This study provides much-needed data to verify the presence of these short-lived gases over the remote ocean and provide further evidence of an as yet unidentified source of both glyoxal and also methylglyoxal over the remote oceans.

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Section: Dnph Cartridges and Hplc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

et al. 2015

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“…Bloom e f a1 (1979) surveyed a large number of Tasmanian animals and reported that the livers of birds and whole fish contained 0 to 18.3 and 0 to 6.0 mg/kg dieldrin respectively. Eleven of 34 water rat livers from the Murrumbidgee irrigation a r e a contained 0.01 to 0.09 mg/kg dieldrin in a survey by Olsen and Settle (1979) . Olsen et a1 (1980) detected a mean of 0.01 mg/kg dieldrin (range 0 to 0.34) in wings of black duck from 2 of 10 sites in Victoria and New South Wales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DIELDRIN POISONING AND BOTULISM IN AUSTRALIAN PELICANS (PELECANUS CONSPICILLATUS)

et al. 1982

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SUMMARY Autopsies and laboratory examinations of material from 24 Australian pelicans found sick or dead in southern coastal Queensland in 1977 to 1979 revealed dieldrin poisoning in 8 from the Brisbane region and botulism in 8 from Brisbane. Bundaberg and Gladstone. In those diagnosed as dieldrin poisoning, brain and liver samples contained 12.1 to 27.4 and 34.0 to 48.1 mg/kg dieldrin respectively. All of these birds were emaciated, 2 had convulsed and 1 had muscle tremors. Low and probably insignificant residues of DDE were detected in many birds. Type C botulism was confirmed in 4 of the 6 birds tested with specific antiserums. A large number of parasites including mites, lice, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, coccidia and Sarcocystis sp were found but were thought to have had only a limited effect on the health of these birds.

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“…While primary emissions, including wind-blown sea salt, make a large contribution to aerosol mass in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL), organic carbon can make a significant contribution to the mass of submicron marine aerosol in the more biologically active summer months (O'Dowd et al, 2004;Facchini et al, 2008a;Sciare et al, 2009;Ovadnevaite et al, 2011b). This organic carbon may be primary organic matter, including polymer microgels, viruses, bacteria, colloids and organic detritus, directly transferred from bulk water and the sea surface microlayer (SML) of the ocean to the atmosphere during bubble burst (Orellana et al, 2011;Facchini et al, 2008b). The organic carbon may also comprise secondary aerosol, formed from the oxidation of gas phase oceanderived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as DMS, isoprene and monoterpenes (Shaw et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of organics on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of marine aerosol in general appears to be highly variable, and investigations have mostly focused on primary organic aerosol (Ovadnevaite et al, 2011a;Meskhidze et al, 2011;Orellana et al, 2011;Westervelt et al, 2012;Topping et al, 2013). The contribution of DMS oxidation products to the CCN population over the remote Southern Ocean has been well established (Korhonen et al, 2008;Ayers and Gras, 1991); however, an understanding of the contribution of other secondary aerosol species, such as isoprene and monoterpene-derived SOA, to the CCN activity of marine aerosol is still emerging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

Lawson¹,

Selleck²,

Galbally³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Abstract. Dicarbonyls glyoxal and methylglyoxal have been measured with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) cartridges and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), optimised for dicarbonyl detection, in clean marine air over the temperate Southern Hemisphere (SH) oceans. Measurements of a range of dicarbonyl precursors (volatile organic compounds, VOCs) were made in parallel. These are the first in situ measurements of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the remote temperate oceans. Six 24 h samples were collected in late summer (February–March) over the Chatham Rise in the South West Pacific Ocean during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) voyage in 2012, while 34 24 h samples were collected at Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station in late winter (August–September) 2011. Average glyoxal mixing ratios in clean marine air were 7 ppt at Cape Grim, and 24 ppt over Chatham Rise. Average methylglyoxal mixing ratios in clean marine air were 28 ppt at Cape Grim and 12 ppt over Chatham Rise. The mixing ratios of glyoxal at Cape Grim are the lowest observed over the remote oceans, while mixing ratios over Chatham Rise are in good agreement with other temperate and tropical observations, including concurrent MAX-DOAS observations. Methylglyoxal mixing ratios at both sites are comparable to the only other marine methylglyoxal observations available over the tropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) ocean. Ratios of glyoxal : methylglyoxal > 1 over Chatham Rise but < 1 at Cape Grim, suggesting different formation and/or loss processes or rates dominate at each site. Dicarbonyl precursor VOCs, including isoprene and monoterpenes, are used to calculate an upper estimate yield of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in the remote marine boundary layer and explain at most 1–3 ppt of dicarbonyls observed, corresponding to 11 and 17% of the observed glyoxal and 28 and 10% of the methylglyoxal at Chatham Rise and Cape Grim, respectively, highlighting a significant but as yet unknown production mechanism. Glyoxal surface observations from both sites were converted to vertical columns and compared to average vertical column densities (VCDs) from GOME-2 satellite retrievals. Both satellite columns and in situ observations are higher in summer than winter, however satellite vertical column densities exceeded the surface observations by more than 1.5 × 1014 molecules cm−2 at both sites. This discrepancy may be due to the incorrect assumption that all glyoxal observed by satellite is within the boundary layer, or may be due to challenges retrieving low VCDs of glyoxal over the oceans due to interferences by liquid water absorption, or use of an inappropriate normalisation reference value in the retrieval algorithm. This study provides much needed data to verify the presence of these short lived gases over the remote ocean and provide further evidence of an as yet unidentified source of both glyoxal and also methylglyoxal over the remote oceans.

show abstract

Determination of the dialdehyde glyoxal in workroom air—development of personal sampling methodology

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

DIELDRIN POISONING AND BOTULISM IN AUSTRALIAN PELICANS (PELECANUS CONSPICILLATUS)

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

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