Determination of the degree of N-acetylation for chitin and chitosan by various NMR spectroscopy techniques: A review

Kasaai, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.051

Cited by 276 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The most precise measurements of DD in chitosan require sophisticated equipment such as NMR spectrometer but the equipment is not available at many laboratories. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is another widely used analytical techniques available for characterisation of chitin and chitosan (Kasaai, 2010). The calculation of DD is obtained from the baseline drawn across the absorbance peaks of the amide carbonyl band and the hydroxyl group as an internal standard.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterisation of chitosan from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> Thom for decolourisation of Congo red dye in aqueous solution

Osarumwense¹,

Akpaja²,

Ekhosuehi³

2018

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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This work investigated the removal efficiency of Congo red dye (CRD) from aqueous solution using chitosan prepared from the biomass of Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. CRD is a benzidine -based anionic diazo dye known to be carcinogenic at low concentration. Chitosan was prepared from the mycelium of P. chrysogenum through the process of deproteination and deacetylation; and the chitosan was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis through which the degree of deacetylation (DD) was estimated. Adsorption study was carried out in a slurry batch system at ambient temperature (28 ± 1 o C). The percentage yield of chitosan from the fungus was 12.2% while 82.4% DD was achieved. The FT-IR spectrum showed that chitosan contained amide carbonyl band as a measure of N-acetyl group, alkyl groups and hydroxyl groups; the spectrum of P. chrysogenum-based chitosan corresponded to the pattern of the commercial chitosan used as control. The commercial and P. chrysogenum-based chitosan attained decolourisation efficiency of 95.2% and 84.6% respectively, which gives the indication that chitosan from P. chrysogenum biomass, can effectively remove CRD from aqueous solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterisation of chitosan from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> Thom for decolourisation of Congo red dye in aqueous solution

Osarumwense¹,

Akpaja²,

Ekhosuehi³

2018

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…amounted to 98%, which was estimated by 1 H NMR (Fig. S1) [33,34]. The structure of chitosan isobutyrylamide was confirmed by its 1 H NMR spectrum (Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Chitosan Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography

Tang

Qin

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tA series of chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) derivatives were synthesized by carbamylating chitosan isobutyrylamide with different methylphenyl isocyanates. Then the prepared chitosan derivatives were coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica particles, resulting in a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. It was observed that the chiral recognition abilities of these coated-type CSPs depended very much on the substituents on the phenyl moieties of the chitosan derivatives, the eluent composition, as well as the structure of racemates. As a typical example, the eluent tolerance of the prepared CSP with the best enantioseparation ability was investigated in detail, and the results revealed that the CSP exhibited extraordinary solvent tolerance and could still work without significant loss in enantioseparation capability after being flushed with chloroform (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and even THF/n-hexane (70/30, v/v), while the traditional coated-type CSPs based on the cellulose and amylose derivatives, such as cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC), might be dissolved or highly swollen in these eluents. Therefore, the application of the resultant CSPs could address the problem of the dissolution and high swelling of traditional coated-type CSPs in some unusual eluents, broadening the possibility of eluent choice. In addition, a comparison of the prepared CSPs with the well known CDMPC-and ADMPC-based CSPs concerning the chiral recognition ability was also made. Separation performances achieved on the as-prepared CSPs in different eluents were found to be even superior to CDMPC-and ADMPC-based CSPs for the tested chiral compounds. In summary, we could safely draw the conclusion that the CSPs derived from chitosan isobutyrylamide derivatives were capable of excellent chiral recognition ability, and meanwhile possessed satisfactory eluent tolerance in a wider range of solvents.

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“…Kasaai et al reviewed the various NMR spectroscopy techniques in determining DDA and found that solution 1 H NMR is by far the best method available. NMR can also be used to fi nd the degree of substitution of a chitosan derivative [21].…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan as an Advanced Healthcare Material

Jardine

Sayed

2014

Advanced Biomaterials and Biodevices

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Chitin and chitosan are renewable biopolymers with inherently favourable properties allowing diverse chemical modifi cation that generates novel materials ideal for biomedical applications. Chitin itself has very poor aqueous solubility and hence found limited utility. For this reason the use of chitosan, in particular, modifi ed chitosan, has increased exponentially in biomedical applications in recent years. Th e review of chitosan as a health care material includes wound healing or tissue regeneration, drug delivery and antimicrobial studies. Specialist applications are vast and due to the shortened publication process, biomedical applications of chitosan may warrant more frequent reviews.In this review, highlights of recent research on the synthesis and analysis of chitin and chitosan based nanomaterials and nanofi bres will be covered. A detailed review of the synthetic transformation of chitosan that further added value by enabling diverse application has been discussed. Th e value of copolymerization and graft ing of biodegradable synthetic polymers with chitosan in order to improve stability and control of the functional biomaterial has been a major driver in the biotechnological innovation.

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Determination of the degree of N-acetylation for chitin and chitosan by various NMR spectroscopy techniques: A review

Cited by 276 publications

References 80 publications

Preparation and characterisation of chitosan from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> Thom for decolourisation of Congo red dye in aqueous solution

Preparation and characterisation of chitosan from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> Thom for decolourisation of Congo red dye in aqueous solution

Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography

Chitosan as an Advanced Healthcare Material

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