Weak localization corrections to conductivity of a two-dimensional electroii gas are studied by measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the conductivity in GalnAs quantum wells. We observe that, when presented as a function of the normalized magnetic field (x = B/Btr , where B is the magnetic field, B« = h/4eτD, D is the dichusion constant and τ is momentum relaxation time), dicherent samples show very similar high field behaviour. A theoretical description is developed that allows one to describe in a consistent way high and low field behaviour. The theory predicts universal (B -1 /2 ) behaviour of the conductivity correction for all 2D systems in the high fiełd limit (r > 1). Low field behaviour depends strongly on spin and phase relaxation mechanisms. Comparison of the theory with experiment confirms the universal behaviour in the high fleld limit and allows one to estimate the spin and phase relaxatioii times for dicherent GalnAs quantum wells.PACS numbers: 73.20.Dx, 73.61.Ey
Theoretical backgroundWeak-field magnetoconductance is due to quantum corrections to the conductivity, Δσ, arising from interference of electron waves scattered along closed paths in opposite directions. This interference is destroyed by the magnetic field because of the phase shift between the corresponding amplitudes which is equal to 21-/φ0, where φ ='BS is the magnetic flux through the area S of a closed path, φ0 = πħ/e is the elementary flux quantum. This idea lies in the basis of the theory of the weak localization magnetoconductance [1,2].